Address for correspondence: Miss. The nihu then prepares aandum or ball of rice six in case of a boy and five in case of a girl and along with six pieces of toman dried fish of bigger size offers to the afflicted person [ Figure 3 ]. The priest then calls for collective incantation in honor of the deity with offering of rice beer and beng.
It is a ceremony conducted by a family to ensure the peace and safe passage of the soul of a deceased family member. This practice is called Thekarwhich constitute an integral part of the ritual.
Poho is worn around the head or used as The first xxx muffler. Rituals are observed for general well-being of individuals, household or village community.
These therapeutic uses are associated with the use of different parts of the animal, Karbi teron and teronpi. They are composed of five major clans or Kur. Clans in Karbi are exogamous, in other words, marriages between members of the same clan are not allowed because they are considered brothers and sisters among themselves.
Further, traditional knowledge of indigenous people can provide leads for sustainable use and management of natural resources. Today however, unmindful extraction of Karbi teron and teronpi has pushed our resources toward the brink of collapse. For Karbi teron and teronpi, the Plain Karbis and Hill Karbis, Karbi teron and teronpi. Karbis have their own traditional attire. Geneva, Switzerland: Marques JG.
Faunal medicinal: Recurso do ambiente on ameaca a biodiversidade? Fish is symbolically used in all the rituals of household deities; as a customary practice the kurusar or priest honors his predecessors with hor lang or rice beer Korean old man sex beng or dried Karbi teron and teronpi fin of fish, before performing the ritual.
The Karbis celebrate many festivals, Karbi teron and teronpi. Diphu, Karbi Anglong, Assam -India. Fishes are used to address a host of health related problems such as cough, anemia, diarrhea, infirmities etc. Restriction observed on consumption of fish Some fishes are avoided during certain illnesses. Traditionally, a characteristic feature of a Karbi woman was Spem penis facial tattoo, dyed with indigo from the forehead down to the chin.
During the reigns of the Dimasa Kachari kings, they were driven to the hills and some of them entered into Jaintia hillsthe erstwhile Jaintia Kingdom and lived under Jaintia suzerainty.
Pekok is a square piece of cloth tied at the right shoulder. Vamkok is a belt used to tie the Pini tight at the waist. However, a significant number of Karbis follow Hinduismwith some variations of Vaishnavism. Rongker is celebrated either on 5 January Morning glory pornoo on 5 February as per the convenience Karbi teron and teronpi the villagers as a thanksgiving to God and asking for their assurance to protect them from any evil harm that may happen to the village and the people living in it.
While some of the Karbis migrated to Western Assamsome had crossed the Brahmaputra and settled in the north bank which today consist the district of BiswanathSonitpur and Lakhimpur. In case of urinary tract infection and renal problem, the head of the fish is avoided.
Dharamsing Teron - Highland Institute
It was believed that duk was not a mere tattoo but possessed the divinity to purify the soul; girls who had not received duk were considered immature and unholy. E-mail: moc.
A long pe seleng is also used as sator with colourful designs all over and borders at both the length end which covers up to the knee. Figure 2. Karbi women are usually not allowed to wear gold ornaments, which are reserved Ibu tiri mertua men, Karbi teron and teronpi.
Karbi history has been carried forward through narrative songs. Setting and Design: Field study was undertaken from March to June Materials and Methods: Information was collected following both unstructured and structured interview methods, group discussions and personal observation.
The Karbis mainly speak their native language, i. It can be of different designs like jangre, Karbi teron and teronpi, santok, honki ranchom, marbong homkri, ahi cherop, chamburukso apini, mekserek etc. The maternal uncles are held in high esteem and traditionally, it is customary for all sisters to pay periodic homage to their brothers for the well-being Karbi teron and teronpi her children.
Botor Kekur is celebrated to request God to grace the earth with rain so that the crops could be sown.
Their clothing is very similar to South East Asian clothing, but with varied materials and design. The Karbis who migrated to the Ahom Kingdom had to face the Burmese invasion. These are Karbi teron and teronpi different types like choi hongthor, choi ik, choi ang, choi miri etc. Further, beng is used as offering to the deities Peng the household protector and Arnam Kethe the supreme deity.
The nomenclature beng for dried caudal fin is applicable only when used during ritual. Like women in any other community, Karbi women too wear bracelets, called Roi, Karbi teron and teronpi. The ornaments that women wear to adorn their ears are called No Thengpi. The notion of Dowry doesn't exist in Karbi, as well as in the indigenous people of Northeast India region. Destructive fishing practices by poisoning water bodies with synthetic chemicals pose serious threats to aquatic fauna in the hill streams of Karbi Anglong district.
As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. There are also minute variations in native Karbi language that can be observed Karbi teron and teronpi different geographical regions inhabited by the Karbis.
As customary practice, the nihu or maternal uncle of the patient is Karbi teron and teronpi and he is honored with specially prepared rice beer. The traditional attire of women consists of Pini, Pekok, Vamkok and Jiso. Fish and crab for this purpose are collected a day ahead of ritual and stored in a bamboo tube.
Karbi language. Choi is the jacket worn by men. Many of the plain Karbis use Karbi teron and teronpi as their mother tongue. Besides being a source of food, fish is used in health-care practices among the Karbis. The ceremony may be held recently or long after their death and is the final homage for the deceased person as no further death anniversary is held again.
The children of the couple would inherit the surname of their father. The Karbi people predominantly practice a form of Animism that has been influenced by their culture and traditions.
Concerted studies should be undertaken to evolve management policies by incorporating traditional management practices with scientific practices; such integrated approach will conserve not only natural resources, but also preserve local culture as well.
The Karbis are a patrilineal society. Arranged marriages are rarely seen in modern Karbi society. Thus, those Karbis who follow the traditional practices are known as the followers of 'Hemphu-Mukrang' for which they prefer themselves as 'Hemphu-Mukrang aso' meaning Son of Hemphu and Mukrang Hanse, The Karbi deities can be divided into three groups according to their function and these are Hem-Angtar, Rongker and Thengpi-Thengso Phangcho, Karbi teron and teronpi, ; Terang, These religious movements have influenced a section of Karbi population in the district.
In the case of ornaments, the Karbi society has certain rules. The folklore of the Karbis, however, indicate that during the long past, once they used to live on the banks of the rivers the Kalang and the Kopilialong with Tiwas and Borahis, and the entire Kaziranga area, the famous National Park situated in Assam, was within their habitation. The Burmese who invaded Assam perpetrated inhumane oppression on the people. The boiled fish is then wrapped in a banana leaf and tied with nine strands of jintak bamboo splits and placed at the altar of the concern deity, Karbi teron and teronpi.
Pe sarpi is generally for older women, pe sleng, pe jangphong is for middle-aged women while pe duphirso is meant for young women.
The flesh of Labeo pangusia is used as tonic and bile of the fish is used as a cure for stomach ache. Many of these ornaments are unfortunately no longer commonly Ass bhabhi. Beng is distributed to the priest and all male guests present. If the person takes the ritual gifts of rice and tomanit is considered as a positive sign that the patient will return to normal state of health.
Open in a separate window. However, the present generation attitude Jeremy Jerome move porn traditional medicine as being unscientific and acculturation are the main causes of decline of such practices in Karbi society.
The nihu kachingtung is an integral part of traditional religion of the Karbis and the practice is still vibrant in the society irrespective of economic status. It has colourful fringes at both the length ends and can be found Karbi teron and teronpi designs like amekpi, amekso, abermung, thoithesuri angphar, suve arvo and phonglong angsu etc.
Source of Support: Nil, Karbi teron and teronpi. Conflict of Interest: None declared. Traditional medicine is based on resource availability and therefore, study of such practices provides information about diversity and distribution of organisms in the past.
Interestingly, Karbi teron and teronpi, Karbi priests wear arnans only made of copper. These songs are an oral narration of ancestors' stories passed through generations. A person takes a pair of plantain leaves and collects the offerings i.
The practitioners of Animism believe in reincarnation and honor their ancestors. Use of fish to cure nihu kachingtung mental depression-like condition As a society, Karbis are organized around a network of kinship relations.
A distinct piece of ornament that Karbi women wear around their necks in silver is Lek. Men too wear Leks — in Ambrassement. Valentina TeronpiH. SinghKarbi teron and teronpi, A.
Tamuliand Robindra Teron. The Chomangkan also known as "thi-karhi" is a festival of the Karbis. The blood of Monopterus cuchia is used as a cure for anemia while the flesh of the fish is used as a cure for infirmities.
Karbi have a rich oral tradition with songs, which are different from normal spoken words. Abstract Background: Traditional or folk medicine is still prevalent among the Karbis as means of primary health-care.
Similarly, among the Dimasas, Puntius sp. The traditional system of governance is headed by the Lindok, the king, who is assisted by the Katharpo, the Dilis, the Habes, and the Pinpos.
Poverty and limited access to modern medicine نيك كرتون مثرجم the main factors for their dependence on traditional medicine, particularly in rural areas. Further, investigations on the therapeutic use of fish could lead to discovery of novel products. Bhattacharjee T. Delhi: B. Publishing Corporation; The districts are administered as per the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India, having been granted autonomy on Karbi teron and teronpi November With a population of around 4 lakhs 21 thousandas per Census, the Karbis constitute a large community.
On the day of the ritual, the dried fish is cooked by boiling, but no flavor or salt is added. As a society, Karbis are organized around a Karbi teron and teronpi of kinship relations. Traditional health-care practices of the Karbis Ailment or illness in Karbi is called Keso and its treatment is called seh-kelang, Karbi teron and teronpi.
The Karbi religion and belief system is based on ritual ancestor worshipworship of household and territorial deities, and rituals for their ancestors, Karbi teron and teronpi, known as 'Karhi'. While a section of the Karbis remained in the Jaintia kingdom, Karbi teron and teronpi, others moved towards north-east by crossing the river Barapani, a tributary of the Kopili and entered into the Rongkhang Ranges.
Even Karbi teron and teronpi also has loan words, Karbi teron and teronpi. Among the Karbis, patient suffering from throat problem, goiter or leprosy is restricted from eating scaled fishes as such fishes are said to aggravate the condition. For this purpose, fish is collected from rivers in advance and then dried. After marriage, neither the bride nor the groom changes their surname i. Results: The present study has recorded use of 14 species belonging 7 families in the treatment of Karbi teron and teronpi disease conditions.
Often the help of a wise man is sought to determine the cause of such unusual conditions. Since women wear more ornaments than men, silver is abundantly used. Beng carries significant implications to the ritual as it is customary to offer beng to the deity.
Jiso is a long black cloth with designs and decorated fringes at the length end worn to cover the breasts. It can be of different colours and designs like pe sleng, pe duphirso, pe khonjari, pe luru, pe jangphong and pe sarpi. Nowadays it has been replaced by the blouse. Choi hongthor a ki-ik, choi hongthor ake-lok are meant for young men. They are called Norik, made of gold or silver. The list of fish includes an unidentified species the bile of which is used as a remedy for malaria.
Due to the same reason, a member of the same clan cannot marry each other. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3. There they established their capital at a place called Socheng. The original home of the various people speaking Tibeto-Burman languages was in western China near the Yang-Tee-Kiang and the Howang-ho rivers and from these places, they went down Karbi teron and teronpi courses of the Brahmaputrathe Chindwinand the Irrawaddy and entered India and Burma.
Ritual use of fish among the Karbis Rituals are observed for general well-being of individuals, household or village community. The Karbi teron and teronpi that Karbis wear are called Arnan, Karbi teron and teronpi. Locally referred as 'duk' in Karbi dialect, the tattoo was a symbol of culture, purity and status in the society. The Karbis linguistically belong to the Tibeto-Burman group. Footnotes Source of Support: Nil.
Traditional Medicine. The Karbis are ethnically related to the Naga people. Often a single species is the source Model amalia treatment for many disease and infirmities. Rikong is the loin cloth worn by men during work, but it is rarely used now. Figure 3. While choi ang, choi miri are for middle aged and aged men. The attire of men includes Choi, Poho, Rikong and Sator.
The different kinds of poho include the simple long white poho, poho ke-er, and poho kelok. Pini is a type of skirt of black colour and worn around the waist tied with a belt. Some fishes are avoided during certain illnesses, Karbi teron and teronpi.
The Karbis took refuge in the deep jungles and high hills leaving their hearth and home in the sub-mountainous regions. These posts of administration, however, are now merely ceremonial with no real power. Table 1 Inventory of fish used for medicinal purpose by the Karbi, Dimasa and Thadou tribes in Karbi Anglong district.
INTRODUCTION
Figure 1. For example "Hanseronk Tenga" Karbi origin word "Hanseronk". Several Assamese loan words have made their way into the Karbi Language and this is apparent in most parts of Karbi Anglong, Karbi teron and teronpi. Aim: The aim of the present study is to discuss the use of ichthyofauna in traditional health-care practices among the Karbis and other ethnic tribes of Karbi Anglong district, Assam, Karbi teron and teronpi. Patients suffering from tuberculosis are restricted from eating fish.
Men of the tribe too wear ear ornaments. Sator is a white piece of cloth worn by men around the waist as the dhoti covering the whole length of the legs. Karbis are well versed in Assamese which is used as lingua-franca سکس کشتی کج communicate with other indigenous Assamese communities.
Karbi teron and teronpi a sister's son or daughter is afflicted with certain socially defined conditions such as biting nails, pulling one's hair, aloofness and loss of appetite with no physical evidence of illnessthe condition is said to be attributed to nihu kachiri Nihumaternal uncle; kachirilonging or the curse of maternal uncle.
Failure to observe Thekar is considered as a serious offense. Conclusion: Study on fish-based zootherapy could be a viable option for discovery of new compounds with therapeutic potentials. Anc Sci Life. It is of various types like rikong jongjong with colourful designs and simple white rikong bamon.