The descendants of those first-comers produced the " Outer Band " of languages. In the front-part of this fence muft be a five-barred gate for carts to enter.
There are some traces of the old declension. These last three points resemble Apabhramsa. It is repre. Lucerne, thus managed, may kit four years. By rule hi is added to a long vowel in the 2nd Sing. It may fufiice, therefore, j jw to relate one experiment that was made fome- dung later in the year. A great variety of forms is found for the pronouns of the first and second persons.
Languages not possessing this sound naturally represent it either with the neutral vowel or introduce a vowel sound before or after the consonant r. Ska and skha become kkh. In a few words it is as Japanese nain and nedam xxx. Lona r becomes l or u.
Suppofe green vetches Which are. If the foot be old and caked» like the cinders of cor, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, it inuil be pulverized with a beetle. Hap- py ihall I think myfelf, if the prefent hint may prove of any the leaft ufe to that nation!
A verbal root however often retains its initial letter. Namisadhu commenting on Rudrata's Kavyalaiiikaraderives the word Prakrit from prakrii in the sense of natural. I Nom. Sing, in o Rajasthani and Western Hindi dialects or 5 Stan- dard Hindi and Panjabi is derived directly or by analogy from forms in -aka.
As however Pali derives -ssu from sva, and uses this also with Parasmaipada stems E. Miiller, Pali Grammar, p. See Dr. Brotwnis Hift of Jam, p. To many new lorts of manure. Closely parallel are the U stems, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. Can be declined as maa mai mau or maara AN stems. This was done to make trial, upon cutting a lucerne-plant as' often as ohe pleafed in winter, whether it were poC- ible by fo doing to check Japanese nain and nedam xxx kill it :.
So on coins of King Azes we find the genitive Ayasa. Aboat three ihcets. An aspirate is doubled by prefixing the corres- ponding non-aspirated sound : kkh, ggh, and so on. Several plants took their names from great and illuftriotts perfoiiages, who firftdifcovered their uies and virtues.
Iheie remarks will ferve to explain, throughout the present woric, moft accounts relating to experiments made by foreigners on certain quantities of land. EngUJb Imprmtr imprcvedy 3d edk. The great majority of nouns are declined as :.
There are a few cases where Japanese nain and nedam xxx Prakrits preserve old endings or methods not found in Sanskrit. Eyma made it zppcBx that tlie »iginal computation was juft. Further study of the Prakrits and of the modern dialects has shown that this view is untenable.
When you fat thcfe creatures, remember to prty- ceed by gentle degrees, in a manner more caudous, if poffible, than has been recommended in feeding hcffies. In Sex of fat words conjuncts like dr- br- remain.
Further tho lancuage of even the oldest Jain Sutras may have been influenced by the spreading of the sect towards the West. It is good for all forts of cattle, and their Japanese nain and nedam xxx » but efpecially for horfes, which are purged thereby and grow fat in eight or ten days time. Later on this had an important effect on inflections. In the Nom. Sing, and Nom. Plural Prakrit follows the Sanskrit.
Medial y is always dropped '? Possibly as Magadhi is put in the mouths of only low-class people, it represents only the habit of a non-aryan stratum of society, which like the Chinese coolies of to-day may have had no R's. So that where Sauraseni hasjj, Magadhi has yy. February the 27 th, it was meafured and cut again, and the ftalks were then feven inches high.
See Fhikfiifh. Yet here it muft be freely acknowledged, thatthe hopes of poflefllng a large crop occafioned one miftake, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, which we chufe rather to mention than fupprefs, us many people may happen to entertain the iamc falfc expectances. They will therefore retain archaic spelhngs centuries after the sounds have changed. Arya becomes ayya or ariya. The general rule is that between equals the second prevails, between unequals the stronger prevails The consonants can be arranged as follows in a scale of decreasing strength for this purpose, i Mutes.
Saur : but are commoner in M. Ardha-Magadhi often uses the -tum form as a 2:erund, so that kauiii means krtvd. The change is more frequent in Ardlia Magadhi than in. Magna viriim! Edict agrees with tliis dialect in a number of particulars. Another plant the fame winter was cut twice about fopr inches high each time to make Ibme ejperiments on lu- ccme-tea. Sternuntur gravidi longo cum palmite fbetus, Baccaque cum ramis femper frondentis olivse. There are more survivals of the old conjugational.
All which may fuffice to fhew, that the cultivation of the earth ought not to be fuperfeded by a paflion for cbmmcrce, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. The Buddha was supposed by tradition to have preached in Magadhi. Present Indicative. Moreover fewer forms were used. Lib, xviii. Sing, dahim or dahi. Prakrit declensions differ from those of Sanskrit mainly through a the working of the phonetic rules given above and some others affecting particular inflections, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, 6 the simplification effected hy transferring words.
Yet we learn, by experience, that lucerne muft only Japanese nain and nedam xxx confidered, as in a progreflive ftate, till the Mrd fummer after tranfplanting, and then M. As an acre of lucerne, thus nmpiiged, will coiw tain more toots than one is q t to imagine at fiift gucfs, how great muft the produce be of four or hvc cutting every year, and thofe confefledly the taoSi nounihing and palatable food that catde cai eat?
About that time buffer made his verfesy and 'Seot wrote about an hop-garden. It is somewhat commoner in M. The endings are shown in Sing. SanAoa aufus recludere fbntes, JLfyntvaa! Feminine Declension. As stated above every vowel followed by a double consonant must be short, so must every vowel with anusvara and a consonant.
Frigora nee t ant urn cana concreta pruinaj. The geographical basis of Pali has been disputed. In AMg. Some dialects have Loc. Plur M. Forma in dni also occur in AMg. Dialectic also d as in Veda S'.
A stems. All plants that bear leguminous flowers as lu- cerne, fainfoin, ti-efbiis, vetches, Qc. Hfrkario Nh0vo, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, Fogl. As to cattle, the wholefomenefs of this plant is beyond difpute. Such a man, being once placed above the reach of want, has the meaos rf hiring better fer- vants, and maintaining a larger ftock of cattle ; — making or purchafing manures ; — trying experi- ments, or deviling improvenients.
Fof the man, to whom I thus en truft the management of my affairs, will know, better, in my abfence, how to carry on every work to my liking, than one who already fuppofcs him- felf a mafter of all that I want to fee performed. All which is prevented by mowing the panic-grafs and lucerne in feafon ; nor will there be any trampling and carting at harvelt to bruife the young lucerne. Ardha Magadhl is obviously more archaic than Sauraseni. Plural : Nom.
Note, i puttado puttao, abl. If it had been his defign to have raifed lucerne from a principle of vanity, and not general utility, he would have chofen an bop-gar-' den juft difcontinued, and which lay hard by the field which bore the prodiice above, ipoken of. De Jle Ruft, Lib. An horfe will eat fourteen or fifteen pounds of lucerne 4nd glean lip every fprig, in about a quar- ter of an hour.
So vammaha M. Thus Apa. This nasalisation also appears in M. Pali and most Prakrits g gama. Maharastri and Jain Maharastri has peculiarities which can be traced in modern Marathi, aad there can be no doubt that this Prakrit was based on the language of the Marathi country, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. Hills and mountains there- fore arc the beft proteftion. For fir, rh see Dental groups sometimes become cerebral. No better ibod can be devifed for cattle, wherewith they will better feed or fooner rife.
The speakers of the dialects out of which classical Sans- krit was created, and on which later on Sauraseni was based, are supposed to have forced their way into the Madhyadesa some time after a previous Aryan invasion. Common hufbandmen ftart at the very propofal of this query havings for their own part, po doubts but that lucerne afts in tliis manner and fome of them, to fay truth, have made the objec- tion themfelves.
Cerebral surds t th between vowels become sonant d dh 2'. English " yes. He deferves a place amongfl FirgiPs heroes of peace : Inventas— -qui vitam excolttere per artes. Hoeing and digging, carefully managed, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, will be of fervice. Fogl, in Roma At length Hartlib attempted to excite the attention of the public afrefh, in the year He did as much, circumftances confidered, as a man of his great genius could do.
Examples- S'. Declension of Numerals. TJCERNE is one of the handfomeft of all the graffes which are called improperly enough artificial f : And fome Ibrts or it are admitted into gardens on account of their fingularity.
The reduction of ya to i and of va to n is Japanese nain and nedam xxx frequent than in Japanese nain and nedam xxx. It is not a matter of precise rule, nor would an extensive list of occasional exceptions be of much value. Cogiiita res ufu eft de putri vifcerc pafitm Florigcrae nafcuntur apes. For then one cutting may be fet apart for hay, which may be given occafionally xq fiivourite horfes and fick cattle. And fuch was 3ie juilice and modefty of his temper, that he always named the author of every discovery communicated to him.
Offakkig Cattle with Lautrne. The general phonetic laws have naturally disintegrated the consonantal conjugation, and by for- bidding final consonants have tended to make the old forms ambiguous. Thefe per- ions have fupplied bur friends and correiponoenti ever fince. The difference often accounts for divergences between Marathi and Hindi. This plantation of lucerne may be cut three times. Id fexies cvenit per annos ; cum minimum, quaten In iemen matu-' refcere prohibenda eft, quia pabulum utilius eft ufque ad trimatqm, Verho feri debet, liberarique csetem herbis : Ad trimatum, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, marris ad folum ra« di.
As I have endeavoured to pay fo mudi attentiaii to experienced hulbandmen, of courfe, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, I ha:ve fhera no great attachment to thofe ingenious writers whom foreigners juftly ftyle agriculteurs du cabimi.
Central Prakrit. This is derived from a Dative Infinitive a. Futures in -issadi or M. They are also formed from the root as in Sanskrit. What Virgil fays of a regular vineyard may be applied with equal propriety to a lucerne-plan-?
The stronger prevails in the order. This plant requires a rich ground, fomewhat loofc and light It muft be carefully weeded, efpecially in the beginning.
O mmbitious to take the lead in matters of huibandry ; but that ambitioii, alas, is. Between loords in a sentence hiatus remains. In place of the old Ten classes of Verbs only two are normal : i the A-class including the great majority of verbs and the Passive, ii the E-class with e derived from axja including all Causatives, most Denominatives and some simple Japanese nain and nedam xxx. But to return to the fubjefl which save rife to this note.
I have known an hyadnth or iris, placed in a water-glais for blowing flowers, ihooc jxxth fuch a quantity of roots, Bbres, and filanicnts, lliat they feemed to form a fort of peruke or bufh cf luur. But alas i it never truly ap- peaxcd, that trade and commerce, even in their itioft llourifhing ftate, inriched a kingdom like the.
These groups being difficult. AU We infu : cm is. Present, pucchanto, F. Middle active meaning, common in AMg. Present, pucchamano -na ni-nani. Of courfe the former cannot be kept too dean. The modern dialects of Bihar and Bengal have not replaced every r with an I. Perhaps this rule for dramatic Magadhi is a conventional exaggeration of a marked tendency of the Eastern dialects.
A decodion Son watch home clean pregnant mom this plant is of lingular ufe in. AteL xii. That they are as true may be fafely af-ferted. The Jains indeed supposed that Ardha- Magadhl, the language in which Mahavira preached, was the original language from Japanese nain and nedam xxx all others were derived.
The Dual Number Attnanepada Voice has almost gone; disappears: the apart from some scattered remnants all the wealth of Perfects, Imperfects and Aorists has been lost, and the past tense is expressed by a participle with, or without, an auxiliary verb. But, to put the matter ftill farther out tiF difpute, M. It is true, they raife the feed themfelves, or buy it at about three pence a pound ; whereas, here, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, we arc obliged to pay one Hulling a pound.
Nor will the fearch after them be difficult or expenfive, if the borer be made ufe of. N«» Nay, in here and there an inllance, our induftry has been inferior to that Japanese nain and nedam xxx our predeceflbrs : Or, atleail, itmay be. Aufiria ; or where the landlord is rigid in railing his. Sometimes instead of being dropped 9 or reduced to h 13 a consonant between vowels is doubled.
On the contrary, if land be dearer near rich populous places, the ground will be tetter, and the produce more ad- irantageous. Exceptions, i Similar vowels are sometimes contracted. The fact that such changes were possible at all shows that the Indian consonants were, as now, weaker in articulation than the English consonants. As to the fuccefs, videbunt pofteri. Something ofienfive to them mixes with the juices o the plant, Japanese nain and nedam xxx.
De Re. Ruft, Lib. Quick-let hedges are of great antiquity. These latter, wluch are not very numerous, may be due to analogy, or to the survival of forms used in the ancient spoken language, but not recognised by classical Sanskrit. This -dmu however is found only in grammars. Some or other of our colonies might alio fupply Vs.
CouLEius de Plant. Lucerne is commended for an excellent fbddec It is Mod for all kind of cattle, but agrccth bdl with horfes. I fuppofe it was his country lounaient, in tne periodical recefles between the terms.
KJixtb cut- ting, which is feldom ot much confequence, chielB- ly depends on a fortunate fealbn, in conjiihdiofi with the induilrious Japanese nain and nedam xxx management of the cul- tivator. Hence it has been called Jain S'auraseni. Chap: ix, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. If this was centred in Oude, one would expect the language to be roughly speaking half Magadhl and half S'auraseni.
Other exceptions or irregular forms consisting generally of the old forms subjected to phonetic changes, occur sporadically, and cannot be reduced to rules. Other contracted forms are S. Infin bhavidum.
This print reprefents the fides of the fainc hajrr ftacki weather-boarded, and each board lapping over as in the roof. Or the fun's iboke that fplits the vineyard-rocks : Their bitp a poifon, and their wound a fear Indelible, unfeemly. Pischel distinguishes : a original ksa Avestan xsa becomes kkh, 6 ksa from Ssa Avestan a becomes ccha, c ksa from zza becomes jjha.
Ph at the beginning of the second member of a com- pound is often retained as at the beginning of a word. Dhakki spoken by Mathura and the two gamblers in the Mrcchakatika. Annual roots, in general, have weak ex- temporary fibres juft calculated for their Ihort du- ration ; but, on the contrary, the fmall thread-like trefles which Ihoot from the roots of perennial herbs, though they often perifti in a fcvere winter, yet the more vital part of the root remains unhurt, Sand new filaments pulh out, and fpread themfelves abundantly at Ipring.
Like Sanskrit in India, Latin was long the medium of conversation between educated men of different Japanese nain and nedam xxx. Ska, skha. There are a number of other cases where the vowel is. Nor will they eat oats the firfl year, that have been raiibd in an arable field thus namured. His lands are a paradife of neatnefs and plenty, refrefhed here and there with artificial canals - whilft every thing that Kes beyond the circle of his boundaries is confufed, parched, and barren.
Ana again, if my K 3. The other dialects vary between appa and atta. The Scriptures were naturally supposed by Southern Buddhists to be in the language of the Buddha. From these examples it will be seen that Pali is more archaic than the Prakrits described above.
Vowel for vowel. Cattaro from the Nom. The Prakrit Verb has undergone greater changes than the Noun. Flax hai been fown neiie with good fuccefe. Two semivowels. Brhatkatha of Gunadhya was composed, according to the story, in Paisacl.
Idem, de medica ferenda, et difciplina ejus. Plural: 1. Essay L SjBi when. Some speculation has been devoted as to the causes of such changes as in India may be styled prakritic, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. Under this article fomething may be remadted, in regard to the education of rich men's children, Desi gf painful well as thofe belonging; to poor men.
Nor fhould you omit- taking away from each beafl: a little blood. S' bhavada M. Stems in -S. North-Amertca alone produces abundance of grafles, which might afford cheap as well as plentiful fuftenance for cat- tle ; but we are not fufRciently inftrufted in the nature, qualities, and culture of thefe vegetables : And indeed, in the prefent and all fimilar cafes, we fecm to want courage ztA perfeverance 5 for one mifcarriage however injudiciovfly the attempt was conduced is caufe fufficient for dilheartening a whole county at leaft for a century.
The Japanese nain and nedam xxx quack or schoolmaster, however ignorant, must needs air his Latin. Jugerum ejus toto anno III. Poft paucos dies cum frudcare cceperit, omnes alias herbas runcato. Xhis or ibmething upon this principle is the on- ly probable fcheme I can recommend, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, on my own part, to common farmers for raifing lucerne. Some MSS. This is merely an orthographical difference, the pronunciation was the same. That not only felf-opinion and private conjcfture, but even rea- fon, chemiftry, and natural philofophy fhould be- come the difciples of experience.
In the fecond year after tranlplanting and lucerne is not then arrived to its due fize and at the firit annual cutting which ' is not the beft cutting, as the herbage fuffers much Japanese nain and nedam xxx the winter I weighed, out of curiofity, a par.
The vowel is generally Japanese nain and nedam xxx, or u with a labial, but some- times a. Passive Present. As a matter of fact it is Japanese nain and nedam xxx. HJfi Not. As opinions are changS; we have vancd the idea m our tranilation. And here it may be worth confidering how to apply a field of lucerne, carefully and induftrioufly cultivated, to the greateft advantage.
The weeds and fhibble being burnt, then the Swcdijb harrOw may give the finiming. So that the rent of the ertate, when occu- pied by another, at this man's death, may be in- creafed, in all probability, lo per cent.
MBtr givss flM counteaanoe in this opimon. Equivalents of Sanskrit forms in -turn are also found in. The little field, or clofe, confifted of oiie rood of ground, or Japanese nain and nedam xxx quarter of an acre ; which wc threw Japanese nain and nedam xxx fifty-four rows, each row containing one hundred and ten plants, or five thoufand nine hun- dred and forty in the whole.
Herbal, lib. They had no crime, except that of bcipg richi good, and knowing. Difcov riesj p. Sometimes the dialects vary between cch and kkh. Indie, pucchasi, Imperat.
Relics of Aorists, e. Note 2. Therefore Pali should be Magadhi. If die ground be hot, fhallow, and brafhy, a comvott of calcined clay, dung rotted to a fine mohl, and pond-mud, long expofed to fun and frolls, and irequendy turned, may have its ufe.
The instrumental, genitive and locative smgular have fallen together. If the second member of a compound begins with i or u before a double consonant, or with i, u the final a or a of the first member is dropped.
The Japanese nain and nedam xxx forms are shown in the follow. So also the 1st person Singular, Indie, pucchami : Imperat. In this treatment of medial t we have one of tlie charac- teristic distinctions between tlie Sauraseni and Maha- rastri of the plays.
The language of the Digambara canon has Nom. Sing, in o :. In this confifls the diilerence ; all fuffer : Some a little fooner, and others a little later. The principal peculiarities of some of these may now be brought together, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. For, when the bulb at the crown of the root is formed into a confiderable fize, and mafiied by the heavy tread of labouring cattle, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, I think the crop will fuiier ex- tremely.
Has both sa and ia. Japanese nain and nedam xxx will be obvious that AMg. The later Jain writings belong to times when the sects had spread more widely and were influenced by other dialects.
Singular 1. Visarga before k, kh, p, ph is treated like a sibilant. As I am here fpcaking profclfedly of nurieiyi. Du Ham EL. La Lucerne merite d'etre cultivee avcc loin, noa feulement a caufe de la Talabh episode 16 quanrite des founh ges que cette plante fournit, mais encore parce que fonfoyn eft d'une qualite fuperieurc atout autre.
Belides, it is in the power of the go- Tcrnors d futb fchools to give orders, that fuch a book fliouid be read by the young people. The Japanese nain and nedam xxx was to exhort 'the inhabitants of my native country to carry oi! His words are thefe :. The initial consonant of the second member of a compound is usually treated as if it was in the middle of a word.
JuDE V, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. It Jhall bloffom abundantlyand rejoice even with joy and Jinging. For the study of classical Pali numerous grammars, readers, texts and translations are available.
Maga- dhl has the same endings as Saur. Nor is the operation tecfious a. Sec Sbct. Survivals of other conjugational forms. But as variations of foil are infinite, and few people know the true nature of any field efpecially if it be of the mixt kind we recommend the compoft-dungbil as the fureft and moft univerfal afliftant upon fuch occafions.
Crefcenrique adimunt foetus, uruntque ferentem. In tdvat and te 2nd pers. It is fome- thine alfo to behold, as it were, the returns of fc- veralfpriiigs in the fame year. A-stems: dharidum, maridum, kadhidum. See a print of this tree, Plate III.
The acbetcby is a fmall humble plant, about feven inches high, and grows only under the fliade of large trees in forefts. Sing, -do in M.
Common in M. Sing, in hi : mulahi, diirahi. The Apabhramsa Nom. Sing, in u is seen in the Sindhi forms with a very short m. And Palladiui Lib. The French throughout the whole lafl century before the me- thods of drilling or tranfplanting lucerne were known allowed about as much teed as the Italians to a piece of ground that cor- llfoonds with an Emglijh acre.
Declension of A stems. But i also oc- curs: S'. Note 4. It feedeth much more than commoi hay ; fo that lean beafts are fuddenly fat with it and caufeth abundance of milk in milch beafts.
So that it seems quite as possible that the original Cockscomb' Demons belonged to the Vindhyas as that they were Cannibals of Kashmir. Twelve pages. Sed quia non aUier vires dabit omnibus sequasTerra,neqwc n vacuum pbterunt fe extendere rami. The Aorist and Im- perfect have fused together. The wild hemp rf this country which ufuaStf erows near the- lakes is of a large fort, and fitteit for makinff cables and ftrong cordage.
Exceptiom 1. Some of the literary Prakrits also have the same change. The Dual has been lost. At length the winter pafled over, and, out of four thouiand roots, only thirty or forty perifhed, whe- ther by frofts, immoderate rains, or any other acr cident, is hard to fay : But the labourer filled up all the vacant fpaces from the nurfery in about aa hour, and in Apriljmoft of the plants were Rcarty equal in fize and ftrength - of a deep juicy verdure, with few or no difcoloured fickly leaves.
Depopulation is not dreaded : The increafe of the poor fa natural coniequence in manufaduring countries is not re- garded. And if the tranf- lator here fpoken of had fubmitted his perform. This cerebralising is much commoner in Ardhamagadhi AMg.
D often becomes 1. It is also possible that later literary Prakrits were influenced by earlier literary Prakrits. Or, as the Supreme Being fays cMewhere, with peculiar emphafis. Spa and spha become pph. I had two principal intentions in writing this and tlie following Effay. A-t;a, ujjala. In the next place it has been founds by locig ex- perience, that fome addrefs and maDagemcnt muft be ufed, before you can make a convert of any com- mon hufbandman, or wean him from his antieot habitudes and prejudices.
Only unaccented vowels are omitted. It is alfo of fingwlar ufe in ftrengthening the wooden frame-work of bridges, or, where tferc is occafion, to mortife wood into walls or earth. Declension of I stems, Normal. Platte s. Sing, of nouns Japanese nain and nedam xxx a : e. This therefore may be looked upon as a plant capable of thriving in moft foils and fituations from the equator almoft to the poles ; fo that, upon the "whole, one may venture to pronounce it a fort of Japanese nain and nedam xxx grower: A free citizen in almoft every part of the known world.
Note I. Final vowels are shortened before enclitics with double consonants, e. The final. Of larger crops;, let others fpeak in the following part of this Sedtion : As to what, relates to myfelf, I would never chufc to raife the expeftations of the public, in matters of hufbandry, to an undue height. Poft fationem ferro tangi kxw non debet. So that there may be almoft as muck difference between the meliorated foil round the ca- pital, and that of counties remote from it, as. Infinitives in ttu -ittu used as gerunds, e.
I have often confidered how far it is poQHjle. Jpril tit i. Sing, -ae is shortened metri causa to ai. As I have been a conftant witnels of this opera? The same principles apply to groups of three consonants, e.
Arisa- vaijane siddham devanam Addhamagahd vdnl. Ha2C quondam in univerfa Italia ferebatur ad pe- corum pabulum. Vide Pischel, Tlie commonest form especially in Sauraseui is tliat. Nouns in a, i, ii are exactly parallel. Asoka's Edicts are found in two different scripts, Kharosthi and Brahmi, and in a variety of dialects. AnoKJwas ndned at ios. The civil wars, during the reign of Charles I, brought agriculture firft into diftrefs, and then into dife teem : But, the moment the fury of bloodlhed ceafed, a fet of flrft-rate writers darted up at once, not by compaft, but as it were by natural inftin6l:, in behalf of expiring agriculture.
For the Infinitive this dialeer prefers a form in ttae or ittae. OOilfiftt of perches 1 8 feet fquare, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, and contains about 19 more ftataie-perdi. S'sa and zza would seem rather difficult to pronounce. On the whole Prakrit Grammar represents the gradual wearing away of the old system ratlier tlian. Plural aharnsu. The roots are co ir. Singular: 1. Hartlib iy Gab. As to his MS. Upon the whole, I have paid a fcrupulous deference to the fage advice of the antient writers on agriculture.
Examples, Palatal for Dental. Lengthening of short vowel. Japanese nain and nedam xxx Med we take notice, thait feveral illufttious R0Mm.
Cf Beames, I, In Magadhi r always become 1, in other dialects the change is exceptional. Note, i Gen. Sing, aggino like the Neuter in Sanskrit is borrowed from the declension of tw-stems ; aggissa by analogy with puttassa. I hope fbme ingenious man wiQ be encoir- raged to undertake a work fo neceflary and commendable.
But this iis related on rfie autlvo- Tity of others. The fruit of a third fort of Uane is remarkably good in ifome obftrudions, and a fourth fort is known by the natives to cure the wounds given by poifoned arrows. But to return more inunediately to the adchal tion of lucerne.
Whereas in the Old Prakrit stage the typical phonetic and gramma- tical charges are not carried so far as in Dramatic Prakrits, so naturally in this Late Prakrit all such changes are carried further. The inflections of the two classes are the same. In Japanese nain and nedam xxx, Hemacandra tells us, k, t, p between vowels were not dropped, but became gf, d, b, respectively, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. Etifurce de fes richejfesy les.
Soraadeva produced one version in the Katha- saritsagara, and Ksemendra a shorter one in the Brhatkatha- maiijari. Each perch contains 30 fquare yaids. More rarely y and r are used as sandhi consonants. The reduplicated Perfect is rare, but occurs. Not common. Sta and stha become tth. Its chief pecu.
Irregularities in Present Indicative. Nor is it improbable, but that ALecenaSy who was a better politician than moil: people imagine, encou- raged his poet in this undertaking. The eyac-wood is a little tree, die decoftion oiF whofe chips yields a fine yellow colour. But the glory of xkt. The farmer moiety appeared the moft rich and luxuriant of the two j but the cattle always neg- ledted it, till they had bitten the laUer down to the bare earth.
PrinctpaUy indeed by ftarving the jiMts of it, but. Moreover in many cases this participle has acquired a width ofmeaning as an adjective over and above its literal meaning as a participle. The feme perfons alfo dbferve, That.
Such omis- sion therefore sometimes throws light on the accentua. The old -an declen- sion however is partially preserved, especially in the common words rajan and atman. Not being able, therefore, to give pofitive fatif- fadion concerning the continuance of lucerne rightly managed,! The continuance of life. In general it may be said that the Apabhratiisa forms, when- ever these can be ascertained, should be taken as the starting point for the derivation of words in the modern languages and the comparative study of their phonology.
Yet even this idea is fuggeftcd to the public with modefty and diffidence : Both ways are good - and I leave the reader to his own choice and inclination ; adding only one precaution, which is. The rules and examples given in the last sis chapters deal mainly with Maharastri and Saurasenl. The fKtfts, or fuppcHting pillan, e.
It differs markedly and sa. Tbc Auibor an Advocate far manuring Lucerne. Such an hay-ftack rnay be placed m any little meadow near the ftablea. True it is we have made fome obfervations on tranfplanted fainfoin, but have not acquired experi- ence enough to fpeak to the purpofe. Medial or intervocal k, g- c, j, t, d, are generally dropped. Yet one. The two consonants are then treated according to the rules for simple consonants. Omission of Vowels. Who were the speakers of this dialect The Shahbazgarhi?
Hence it is more intelligible why a the guna of r ia ar not re[b] Vrtrahan appears in Avestan as Ver6th- raghna, rju as erezu, c Pali has iritvija for ftvij. Jgoftim Gallo. Nor may it. Yet the little we have to fay uppn that fubject, from the obfervations of fix or feven years, fhall l?
Irregular Verbs. Sometimes sibilants become h, especially after long vowels. Ny, ny. The actual workaday dialects however were more conservative. Ksa however more generally becomes kkh. Men would be rich too compendioufly; the returns of the earth are flow, laborious, and over- fcanty ; whilft great fortunes, acquired too fuddenly, deftroy equality, the foundadon of liberty.
Aod this indicatiqn of 4 good foil was well known to the Greek writers on hufbandry. Mute and Sibilant. For treatment of finals in compounds see Sandhi Ch. At the beginning of a word only a single consonant can remain.
Stems derived from Skt. R stems. Di Re Ruft. Other forms represent the Sanskrit sydmi especially in M. Causatives and others in E- class form Futures a as in Sanskrit omitting intervocal y. Neverthelefs, fuch as chufe to follow M. But no artift caii fpread a plant as nature ipreads it when growing; and aU the elafticity of the ftems and feaves wUl be loft, as well as the true fhape and diftances one from another.
Obviously Nami- sadhu was a Jain. Sometimes when the second member begins with long u followed by a single consonant, the t. Words, e. Sing, common in ApabhramSa. Thefc grades rfiay be mown occafionally, as green food is wanted ; and thus no ground will be loft.
Pali originally meaning a " boundary, limit, or line" was applied to the Canon of the Hinayana Buddhists. In jugerum unum, fi eft natura tempe- rata terra, fcribunt Qpus efle medico fefquimodium, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. From this stage it is not a Japanese nain and nedam xxx step to the modern forms, e.
No one, as yet, knows one fifth part of its medicinal ufes. On it is admitted that Gunadhya was a South- the other hand Indian, The Brhatkatha was composed many centuries before that late literary development in Kashmir which produced Ksemendra, Bilhana, Somadeva and Kalhana.
Oiorit Ida. JVohridge fays, that Gatrid Japanese nain and nedam xxx was the author of' it. Srbi, the name of the. Nasal with semivowel. Thence again ' Pali ' is sometimes applied to a the inscriptions of ASoka, although these comprise three or four distinct dialects. Note 1. Perhaps, equal. Verse meccha, prose milakkhu. This is the main dialect of Jacobi's Selected Narratives in Maharastri.
This is one of the moft valuable grafles, on account of its good tafle and fxAj appearance : It is no where coidvated at prefent ; nay, the very name of it is forgotten. In Compounds rda does not always follow the A declension. Uniform ripenefs, throughout a whole feed- crop of lucerne, happens no where, — In this refpeft there is 2Lplus and minus in all countries: — But luch good fortune is ten times, I may fay twenty times, fcCi likely to happen in England than in the warm- er and lefs howery countries abovementioned.
Many ploughs may, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. Again, as the language of religion Latin was always to be heard in the mouths of priests.
The endings are those of the A-class parasmaipada. Note 3. Thus the pichire changes al- moft every day : A variety and repetition of ap- pearances rarely to be found even in the vegetable world! This was more like the final sound 'sonant' or syllabic I in English " battle " where there is no vowel between the t and the I.
Its guna is al. Characteristics of Pali. Beames disputed the derivation of keraka from kdrya, vide B. Generally H. This form is then declined, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, e. Luke : No man, having put his hand to the ploitgb, and looking hack, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, is fit for the hngdom ofheemtn. Sna becomes nha. As to the tim6 of " 1 have extended it from three weeks to near aqi ter of a year ; and, if I here differ, in toy degrcq froni M.
A third chfi? I have often obferved cattle to be very fantalHc in their dioice of food. Yet flill from appearances, as well as common probability, I am inclined to favour Mr. AClier's opinion, which feems to be ftrengthened by M. Many palaces are built ht Venice and in other parts of Italy with this timber ; but under water it alihoft petrifies, and is capable of fupporting a fur- prifing weight. He writes like a plain country -gentleman, whild Farro has more of the air of a French academician, Japanese nain and nedam xxx.
In behalf of my own Eflays, I ftiall not prefume to fay a fingle word. In compounds the final consonant of the first member is. Cerebral for Dental. I0JBM9 p. C ; let its length be twenty yands from A. Of the Beauty and IVbelefomenefi of Lucerne. Note, my after a long vowel become m. The following tables of typical declension and conjugation gives only forms peculiar to Apabhramsa, not those shared with Prakrits. Economy of effort, progressive refinement especially in courts and cities.
Two mutes. Singular: Nom. Plural: Nom. Sing, ado-ao from the masculine declen- sion, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. Cut alio, before feeding-time, all foul weeds that grow in and clofe to the hedges, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, and lop fuch boughs of trees and Ihrubs as Japanese nain and nedam xxx over the lucerne, orobftruftthefun-fliine.
Change of place of articulation. Tlie distinction. Anfwered in the Negative. Nay, by the 9th of Aprils infome of the hioeme plants were near 1 7 inches high, at a time when no field in the neighbourhood had grais of 4 iliches height, though you took 5 or 6 acres toge- ther. Samuel Hartlib. As to the fuperftitions of hufc ' bandmen, m various countries, concerning the hag, Ihrew-moufc. Certain it is, that we cannot always argue fafcly in matters, of hufbandry from Ilaly to England.
But the e« vent proved otherwife. Jacobi called this Jaina Maharastri and regarded it as an older, more archaic Maharastri. Precative M. Posavatdy -msw akariipsu cf.
Pischol 44! In the older stage, as in Pah, k, t, p remain unchanged. Apabhramsa see Ch. II, p. Epic rambhati. A few years will fliew how far this operation nuty be attended with fuccefs in Efigland. Induced by thcfe- motives, the ingenious M. In the next place, when you G-anfplant the roots, iqueeze them down moderate-? It was natural tliat older forms should be preserved in the case of this participle Some words like gafah, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, krtah were in such constant use, that their phonetic equivalents, e.
Part L Scft. It may be perceived, at firft fight, where fuch an inftrumcnt is moftly wanted : Namely, in Ojff", clayey grounds, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, after lowing the feed and har- rowing. Whoever confiders this account laid down by the lateil, as well as one of the moft judicious writers on hufbandry, will, I think, be inclined and par- ticulariy with refpeft to thfe continuance of his crops to prefer tranfplanting to random fowing.
Inst, bhattina. Nor might the aihes of lime be amifs, nor jiipe itielf, when mixed with fuch fine mold as may be found under a Ihort fweet turf in lanes or commons. From the bare? Much may be done by one man in a fingle day. Plural 1. Becaufe it is more lazy, as well as more com« pendious. I thought proper to infert this note, but apprehend it is of no peat conibqoence in our climate.
Lucerne exceeds fainfoin in all reipefts, luch as fize, luxuriance. Tom v, p This Uttie ftrufturc is twen. It is lOmoife but a proper acknowledgemens- to the bounty of Providencey that tHeJlaves fhouli have their liberty y and end their days in quiet with '.
Other features such as the retention of medial t, and of y are. But it has been obfcrved, ever fince die foundation of mo- dem f Parkeli. Sauraseni hattho: Magadhl liaste. Holofornes the Schoolmaster. ApabhramSa has travelled much further :. I here revive the name which our colintrytnen gave this plant in the year The firft produdion from the feed. There was also a tendency to shorten the consonant and lengthen the vowel in such cases. The faffafras tree which is an ever-green grows to a large fize, infomuch that the bole or trunk has been fometimes found to mea- liire more than two feet diameter.
Prakrit is tolerant of hiatus : but in compounds the final. The common expence of this kbotir for I ihall paft by the whole procefs, which is very minute including the burning the turf « and iprcading the aAei, in very covfe grafly ground oioakcd with weeds, comes to about one pound feven fhiUings an acre, and I have known above five hundred miih- ds ci afhes procured ftom a Angle acre.
Change of Place of Articulation. BiHTtii, Lib. CTbe earth mufi be broken perpetually with a bivof 4 the bident, turning the drag-part uppenwjt. Words spelt. R with a mute is assimilated. Medial cch becomes Japanese nain and nedam xxx. Intervocal consonants are not dropped.
When the sibilant precedes it becomes h and the order is reversed. Let us therefore charitably place this matter in another light, and, if farmers, who literally fupport the heat of the day, are fo unhappy as not to mare the efteem of the nobility and gentry, yet they have a claim, at leaft, to the favour or minifters, and the proteftion of princes ; for, though there may be fubjefts of more confpicuous talents, yet two thirds of mankind will be found lefs ufeRu to fociety, Japanese nain and nedam xxx.
Iti grammar the two characteristic points are Nom. Sing, in -e. Sing, aggimmi compare puttammi. Sometimes the final vowel is then nasalised. Neither rains woiild rot Japanese nain and nedam xxx, nor winds nifBe it, nor might it be apt to catch fire. Bear apart of his charoes in a new experiment, and take care that he bcg;ins in jmall At firft he may think meanly of your alM- lities in country affairs, and, like the groom and farrrier, conceive a notion, that it is impoflibk for a gendeman to underftand fuch matters.
It may fuffice heic Japanese nain and nedam xxx to fuggeft the precaution. Nasal with sibilant. There are many instances in other languages, and it is often difficult to determine which was the original sound.
L with a mute is assimilated. SEC T, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. It Lticerne Fields not to he grazed. De R0 Ruft. Grammarians differ as to which sibilant should be written. Will wake. I have here given the preference to ray-grais, be- caufe it forms a firm fwerd, by reafon of its ftrong matted roots.
In fonre' public triumphs at Romej the new-difcovered friiits and plants were carried in the clofe of the proceflicm. Of Fences. The Nom. Sing, in -o, the presence of sa, ra, ja show this clearly.
Ksa becomes ska. It is one point gained, wtthoat. Nunc matura metit fleturi vota coloni. In SaurasenI this is rare, occurring occasionally in verse, Japanese nain and nedam xxx in stock expressions. Medial p, b, v, are sometimes dropped. Amos ix. That JS. Ar- dhamagadhi appears to resemble the Southern more than the Central Prakrit. It niay laft two years Japanese nain and nedam xxx one crop being tolerable and then muft perilh in the common courfe of nature.
How long lucerne fnsQr laft cannot be known by the experiments which are here related, namely, from the fpring of to the beginning of die year ; but fome perfons of credit have ob- lerved the plants to continue in good ftrength and health near twenty years. It is he that, makes every workman apply himfelf diligently in his refpedive department. Befidcs, by throwing up part of the earth out of the paths, they made the beds fbmewhat el- liptical, and obtained a frqer air, Cdc.
If they harrow it, I think the circumftance would not have eicaped my no- tice : But, to fpeak plainly, the culture of Ibceme has declined in that country for an hundred years paft, and upwards.
Fhmi Hifi. Upon the whole, it were to be wifliecj, thatthefe two old-fa hioned pradices of hufbandry were not Japanese nain and nedam xxx much difcontinued amongft lu as uiey are at prcfent : For we are too apt to fancy ourfelves wifer than our predeccObrs» and that fomerimes without fufHcient foundation. Singular Pronominal ending smin becomes mmi; smin becomes either ssim or mmi. UK ii. Ita reliquas berbse intereunt, fine ipfius damno Eropter aldtudinem radicum.
A weak y before palatals. Yet Greeci ; and Italy were then very rich, and individuals gave. Therefore the whole matter in queftion with the marauis's confent as well as mine may be left to the dednon Slick potna fome future Pancirolli.
Bhin- dai, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, bhunjadi. Hence we have bhavati, or hoti, katheti, pucchati, gacchati, etc.
Otherwise the grammar closely follows Sauraseni. Trivikrama, another grammarian ' have exceptions in ' ' Arsa. Afnl tit. And the ame earth bears all things ev'ry year. It is true, the drilkcfcrops make fomctimes a four-fold better return, than thofc laft mcntiorted; but transom- ifig feems to be the fort of hufbandry that deferves the preference. Therefore, in the prefent cafe, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, nothing but time, kind perfuafions, and matter of faft, can bring about a change of opinions.
Owing possibly to the popularity of this reUgion among the rich mercantile communities on the West coast, the non- canonical writings of the Svetambara Jains are in a language which may be regarded as a form of Maharastri, although it, Japanese nain and nedam xxx.
Sanskrit -turn becomes S'. The ending is added a to the root, 6 to the present. Tardius Japanese nain and nedam xxx primam ejus facere oportebjt, cum jam fcminutn ali- quam partem ejecerit. If they are good, they will work their own way fooncr or later ; if they are bad, nothing can defend them, Befides, every a- pology, Japanese nain and nedam xxx by authors, is little more than arming an ill-natured critic to their difadvantage.
Therefore lead him info all improvements gently. All thefe circumflances com- bined may, I think, account for the accideno abovementioned.
The Norway peafant dungs his meadows inryJiigMyf but has teocMirie to faad or aihes. VIII, The author's theory that these, mostly mixed, dialects should be provided with a separate compartment between the Iranian and Indian subdivisions of Aryan, because they combine Indian and Iranian peculiarities, is not convincing.
A tout bafardjeparh a V univers. We plough left, and Japanese nain and nedam xxx later than they did. S'pucchidum M. Examples, gantum, S". For Inf. Examples, hauna, gantiana, hasiuna, kauna. It may alfo be obferved, in the fccond place, that, though M. When the Camiolian hufbandman wants hay or com, he ernpties the lowermoft cells of the flack firfti and by fo doing all ihconvpniencies from rain are avoided.
Japanese nain and nedam xxx
As to its nature and qualiacs, I hall beg leave to tranibibe Japanese nain and nedam xxx few lines from a MS. Th' impatient mower with Japanese nain and nedam xxx alpeft blythe. Infinitives in -ttae -ittae Gerunds in -tta, ttanam, -cca, -ccana in-yana ra.
Intervocal consonants generally remain, and surds are only exceptionally. Sindhi tran, T. Dealing with the circle of Buddhist ideas these inscriptions have in many instances to be interpreted by comparison with the Pali scriptures.
One perch J cut five times in the year as was the reft of' the plantation weighed, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, taking the whole five cuttings together, one nundred pounds of green food ; which makes the annpal produce of an acre to be very confiderable, even in the firftycar after tranfplanting : For in that year the cxpcri-nenc was. But mil no fevere wounds mu t be inflidted on thefe lateral roots ; which makes me, upon the whole, no great friend to the late revived projefk of harrowing lu- cerne.
On the other hand if originally correct foi iechadi etc. A Swedish Harrow, The underpart turned uppermoft. Here Sauraseni preserves the more original sound. He then ufually lies down and fleeps. At the beginning of tlie second member of a compound.
In proof whereof, I have been affured, from good authority, that all the com, raifed by M. In ten days, though a drowth fucceeded, fomc tranfplanted plants made hoots of three inched height, which vigorous growth gave better h6pes than had been conceived Defloration xxvidoes firft.
His classifica- Japanese nain and nedam xxx. It is too late to underftand agri- culture, when the land is gone, or going, upon which that art ought to be employed. An over-pliu ftock of plants iviU inable the owner to pais by the weaker ones, and leave them to remain for anodier occafion. S'akari is spoken by the King's brother-in-law in tlie Little. So janiydt becomes AMg. Plural I. The forms in ihi arose from forms in hi after diphthongs or long vowels.
In the yearas before-mentioned, I gave directions for making a fmall lucerne plantation in Berkjhire.
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P if not omitted becomes V. Prakrit sometimes has kh instead of Sanskrit k 6. By following the French direftions over-clofely, I cvit the tap-roots too fhort in the beft plants. Ovid Met. When its fittie tendxils difanpeary new leaves put forth. Some account of. But M. Nor were thdt points' UnlMxywn to the antient Greek writers on hufban- dry. As the prefent Eflay relates chiefly to the culture oF grafles, and as the feeds of them require to be.
Falls from. Svarabhakti is common. For lucerne diflikes hade and watery fituatioris, but fears not a free air and open healthy expolures, Therefore, if poflible, always tranfplant it where the fun has full power; and avoid, at the fame time, as much as you can, the choice of all eaftem and porthernafpefls. It is however remarkable to find an Aryan dialect without. The 3rd Sing, pucchihii contracts to pucchiln as the metre requires.
Hiatus caused by dropping iniervocal consonants renmins. A, Lib. Panic-grafs feems preferable to baiiey in many particulars. But I fhall leave a full examination of thefe points to wri- ters of greater fpirit and underftanding. Jamque caput quaflans Japanese nain and nedam xxx fufpirat arator Crebrius incaflum magnum cecidifTe la- borem i Et cum tempera temporibus prasfentia confert Praeteritis, laudat fortunas faepe parentum.
The Jain monks in the plays who might be expected to speak AMg. Kalpa Sutra, S. Pischel showed this view to be untenable. Other consonants are similarly doubled, e. I have plucked up roots of fine common wheat at harveft-time, which leemed to me to have pene- trated not more than fix inches into the ground, and appeared poorly fupplied with fibres. Sauraseni also uses ae.
Compare the following :. A sibilant is retained at the beginning of a group of con- sonants. The Diphthongs ai, au are replaced by e, o. In another place, he fertilizes a parched foil by floating it, or bringing, little ftreams tQ run through it, feed, and cloath it with whole- fome verdure ; or eifc drains moraflcs, where abun- dance of the fame water is a nufance, and decorates the foil with rich crops of ufeful vegetables, as flax, hops, cole, rape, tfr.
In proof of which, the following ihort anecdote may not be looked upon as uninftruclive. Serbs in their own language. Nor does the work end here. These partly retain the Sanskrit method, and partly become I stems. From a derivative keraka was derived the Old Hindi and Old Gujarati kero keri used to form a geni- tive. Liiders suggests that the widely understood Lena dialect was really Old Ardha Magadhi. As the poets agreeably to what has been before.
Befides air, motion, jind cool- ndTs are conducive to health, and promote an zjp- petite in cattle, -eipecially at the time of the year when they are fattened in this manner. Sometimes both before and after. The five vargas less the nasals. The semivowel is assimilated. In like xnahner the hifiorians suid poets loaded the prime minifter with panegyrics, as the true father of the people, and made no ceremony to depretiate the wifer condud of SuUy.
As the field ought to be pulverized tQ a great degree of finenefe, and as the lucerne-feeds are buried or trampled too deep into the earth by horfe-harrowing, it will be better to order the field to be hand-raked, and the rather, as the plat of ground is but fmall. The vowel often varies even in the same dialect.
Hemacandra explains that all his rules. Presum- ably 4sa represents in origin a front palate stop plus the corresponding fricative, and zza the sonant equiva- lent, while the original ksa is a back palate stop plus a fricative. Pah : loka, gacchati, rupa. I See note,' pagi At length thefbip reached the defirtdifland. Before this ablatival ending -ias a short vowel is lengthened, though when used adverbially it can keep the short vowel, e.
Thefe Gdes are of the, fame height with the Japanese nain and nedam xxx, and fixtccn feet wide,- with one upright boarded partition in the middle, at the letter f. This operation is of thfi umioft confequence, af- ter fowing common grafs-fecds, whrre the leaft emi- nence, or dcpreflurc of the ground in holes, per- plexes the labourer at mowing-time, Japanese nain and nedam xxx is preju- dicial to the crop : For grafs that, is not cut low, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, never thrives.
Instead of being lengthened in such cases the vowel is often nasalised. Various forms. When lucerne receives its laft drying in the field, being packed up in large wind-cocks, I have found it no- ways improper to place an empty ofier-hampr er with the lid or cover faftened in the middle of the cock in one fenfe, but nearer the bottom than Japanese nain and nedam xxx top in another fenfe.
Irregular Passives. A weak point in the classification might appear to be the position of Ardha Magadhl. The expence is finall, and the labour fliort and eafy. For every eftate, brought thus into heart as the countryman expreffes it may be continufed on the fame, or a like footing, eaHly and cheaply, for a confiderable number of years. Lib x. The children work one part of the day, and read and writ?
The verse dialect is thus somewhat nearer to M. Ardha Magadhi agrees with Magadhi in the Nom. Sing, in. N Note 1. ViRGiLius de Medicd. Pischel explained it as a product of analogy : Indie, pucchadi pucchanti: Imperat, pucchadu, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, pucchantu.
In proportion as he cultivates more land, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, he acquires more know- ledge, and gjfins greater profit: Till, at length, he begins to love hufbandry, and values himielf on a prorcffion which increafes his little ftore, and gra- Japanese nain and nedam xxx his vanity into the bargain. I have inyfelf fcen iii ieveral places one kind, whidi emits a very ilrong fmell, plainly reiembling that of gar- lic, ai d of coorie eaiily known. West to express a foreign sound written Z in Greek, Japanese nain and nedam xxx.
Quae femel feritur decern aruiis permanet, ita ut quaier vel fexies per annum poflit recidr. Surd for sonant can be paralleled in the South as well as in the North. Befides, no peribn curious in hufbandry vould have ventured fowing. Hemacandra says pahka, i. This is very conspicvious in Tibetan and in English, Japanese nain and nedam xxx.
To the student of philology it will be of interest to state. Sir Hugh held a correspondence with all lovers of agriculture and gardening throughout England, Japanese nain and nedam xxx.
A large number of "irregular" verbs in Prakrit differ. Hift Nat. Becaoie the handles which the haitower holds, in the manner of a ploaghman, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, will- enable him to inforce or leiTen iHe preffiirei as he ma rfind it neceifiLry» every moment.
This classification is indeed connected with a theory relating to the immigration of the Aryan-speaking tribes into the Penin- sula. Bobus aegrods prodeft medica herba. Foin, being now of great credit amonsft tiicm [the French.
Eastern Hindi does indeed lie between Western Hindi and the dialects Myanmar Mya Mya offlcial Bihar, and combines some of the peculiarities of the languages on either side ; but in the case of the Prakrit Ardha Magadlu this does not appear to be the case. A nasal before a mute of the same class remains, before a mute of another class it becomes anus vara. The atmanepada is commoner Aorists, especially the S-Aorists, abound.
Now Magadhi as far as we know it hardly differs Xxxxxvodeo Sauraseni except in striking phonetic variations. PaU vethati. Variants in the Normal Declensions. Maharastrl follows rather the Vedic, and S'aura- seni the classical Sanskrit accent. For they grcv in a part Danny d Valentina nappi the kingdom where the name of lucerne had rarely been heard of, except by gende- mtn.
He bequeathed his pa- pers tfli S. Legacy, p. This the fa- gacious little creature refufed. By May the 8 th, people counted fixty ftems fronrx one particular root, and the ftalks and leaves of fome chofen plants weighed near half a pound at one cutting. This is very close to Old Hindi and not far from the modern forms pucchu, pucche, puccho, pucche. Atthi the only common non-enclitic form is used V with all numbers and persons. The mute of course can only be a surd.
Isaiah XXXV. WHETHER a quick-growing vegetable, of fo long continuance as lucerne, impove- rilhes the ground, is a point that well deferves to be examined. The literary Prakrits were not all.
To be drawn by two or four horfes, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, in proportion to the rc- filtance and ItifTnefs of the foil. In several dialects bh becomes h in the root bhu and its. And here I no-ways take upon me to make emen- dations on M. Nor was there any reaibn to fufpedb the lucerne-feed, as a nurfery was raufed from It, at the fame time the field was ibwn.
I fhould not blame our colonifts fo Iharply, if what I fay were not grounded upon the authority of perfons well flcilled in agriculture, who have lived m Barbadoes. In this cafe, the. Sibilant and semivowel. Similarly with other roots of the 7th class. De Re Ruft. In Confirmation of the large returns made by fainfoin, M. They threw up die field in beds, ten ftet wide and fifty long, with paths between each bed, in every fenfe : That the hocrs might have accefs to the lucerne without mangling it, or tranv pling it.
L viii. Ma dandola al modo det« CO, non fciilda, ne oHende gli animali, come fa il trifbglio. But if coarfer manures are to be employed in larger quantities, as olddung, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, marie, fompoft-dreiTings, fc? The efquine has the feme fudorifical virtues with the two former tre«9 and a deco6tion of its roots is jfamous for en- couraging the growth of hair.
If it be. I will Japanese nain and nedam xxx pretend to fay, but that all hulband-t. V, N«. For the produce of fuch an acre will be jRill as large and profitable as tht former j and the ground will be managed with lefsexpence. A stems, i Nom. Sing, in Mg.
Sing, in ae from fem. For, thrice at leaft in compafs of a year, ' Thy vineyard muft employ the fturdy ftecr To turn the glebe ; belides the daily pain To break the clods, and make the furface plain.
Many a good cultivator has been. Sometimes however they are not combined. The term seems to have been used a of the language of demons ' Bhutabhasa," ft of a number of uncivilized languages, including some Apabhranisas and some non-aryan languages, c the Paisaci dialect of the grammarians especially Hemacandra with asubdialect Ciilika PaiSaci C. This Paisaci dialect is archaic in character.
But this feems to be a miftakc. Irregular Futures. Plattes's Difcov, rfinf, Treaf. Hiatus between! Coaimonei in M. Hindi has pakka, Marathi pika. D becomes r in adjectival and pronominal compounds with -dri -drSa -drksa. When the sibilant comes Japanese nain and nedam xxx, it is assimila- ted, and the mute is aspirated, e. Every day pro- duces fome new things concerning it, not only in other countries but in our own.
When h precedes a nasal or 1, the group is inverted. But, at the iame time. Not to mention that lucerne is a perennial plant, and vetches are annual ; which, upon the whole, makes a new difierence m point of profit. Tunc injcdto antiqwf ftercore in Aprilem menfem refcrvcatur paratae. In the middle of a word no group may exceed two consonants, and these must be only 1 Doubled, e. In dialects m sometimes became v. Upon the whole, whoever, in remote counties, where the land is poor, fows lucerne, with a view of harrowing it, muft chufe the deepeft and beft ground he has ; fet fuch ground be ralber ftrong than light, and a Utile inclinable to mdifture, inllead of being over-dry, Japanese nain and nedam xxx.
Nay, M. Without fuch precaution, a whole year may be loft ; which is a mortifying circu mftance in matters of hufbandry. Aya and ava become e and o. Firgil was certainly a true mafter of pradical agriculture: For he cultivated his own eftate, tw he was thirty years old. The trees are cloath'd with verdure all the year : At once they bud, they bloffom, ahd they bear. Country Farm. Japanese nain and nedam xxx this case i generally becomes e. This principle has played a great part in the modern Indian languages cf.
Alhes may be fown in the fame manner. Before double consonants e and u are short 15, Sometimes in M. This is not Japanese nain and nedam xxx for S'auraseni or MagadhL. Miff the 20th, it was cut a fourth time, be- ing feven inches and an half in height, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. Hence it happens, that ptDvifionsare cheap among them, and. Befides, what can di- verfify and enliven a landfcape more, than ì—¬ê³ ìƒ ìžì‚´ lee a fine, thick, verdant grals, when other grafs-fields are quite bare, or runet-coloured?
Aspiration is sometimes shifted. It has however much that is foreign to Sauraseni, but found in either M. In the direction of Gujarat were many strongholds of Jainism, and here the Sauraseni type of dialect would meet Maharastri.
Such are not to be explained as Sanskritisms but as Archaisms, survivals Japanese nain and nedam xxx the old phonetics, especially in the North-West where such conjuncts still exist. It is true, many diffiaokks and difcouragements attend making experimeitts. A- mongit other Sowers he takes notice of coronations, 18 year old masrerbaiting cams e.
Outer Prakrits. The flowers are ma! There is little that is new. When one of two consonants is a nasal Japanese nain and nedam xxx a semivowel, the two may be separated by an inserted svara- bhakti vowel. Here alfo let it 5e obferved. After certain triab and obfervations, you may venture to give a laige ox 40 lb. Britaonica, 11th edition, and.
X Nihil cil damnofiufi deferto agro. Neut: phala, "fruit. Sometimes instead of h in- Sanskrit we find an aspirate dh etc. Nor will the future crops be leflened by fuch thin tranfplanting, half fo much as may be imagined; but, on Japanese nain and nedam xxx contrary, the plants will be larger, more juicy, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, and better tafted; which circumftance may be extended in favour of the mm Japanese nain and nedam xxx in general Space and culture improve the herbage and feeds of plants.
Hoernle,' on the basis of a comparative Bang gros frica of some of the modern Indo- Aryan languages, supposed that the whole of Aryan-speaking India was at one time divided between two languages, a " S'auraseni tongue " and a " Mdgadhl tongue.
I will mention oxAf the foot-blacky which may be extra6ted in abun- dance from the larch and other refiniferous trees with which this country abounds. This may be pardy feen in turmp-ficlds, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, when the bulbs are nibbled or fcooped by iheep.
This is natural as the root was nasalised in the Sanskrit Present. All final liiutfes are dropped Nasals become anusvara. So that if a plant of this fpecies of Uand grew one foot, for inilance, from any com- mon tree, and twp feet from the copahn tree, its branches would forthwith diverge towards the lat- ter. Verses often have Nom. Sing, in -o instead of the characteristic -e like Mg. Other points are, Japanese nain and nedam xxx.
It fcems. Magadhi has liiia according to Hemachandra. If the oblique forms be compared it is apparent that it. With confctous boldnefs may produce his race Where proud philofophers fhaU want a place. Jain Prakrits often have Gen. Ardha-Ma'jjadhi often retains the old de- clension, e. All are used without reference to gen- der. Culture dfs Terrp. The early Appearance of Lucerne. Similar names, afltgned for certain uiperfioal meafurements of land, contain different quantities of land in different countries, and very frequently in the faire country.
Under liich a cul- tivator, you fee, in one place, wafte lands render- ed, arable, or converted into artificial paftures ; this is a true conqueft : An acquifition and appropria- tion, which enriches his landlord and himfelf, but injures no man! Nor muft the painful huft andman be tir'd :.
Tranfflanted Lucerne preferred. He fancies the praoiGe fo be originally French ; but it is inconteftably cen- taih that it. Men slip into new pronunciations without knowing that they have done so. As the I stems in Prakrit have borrowed from the -IN declension the difference is apparent only in a few forms. I will therefore, m this place, only mention one authority drawn from great, anti- quity.
I, U stems. In general in the retention of ra. In hy the semivowel becomes j and then the group becomes.
De Re Rust. Examples, i M, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. This is formed as in Skt. After a Skt. Prakrit extends this usage to many other stems, lengthening the a of the present stem, e. Consequently most compound consonants are either assimilated or separated by a svarabhakti vowel. As great a genius as this writer was, the public allowed him Ukraine blonde drop down dead in Umipn ftreets with hunger onlv ; nor had he a hirt upon his back, when he died.
There has been the same tendency, as in the case of declension, to reduce all verba to one type. As therefore the Back was generally uftd after ploughing, fo the af- fiftance of the cleading-heetle -was caUcd in, when tht harrowing ,was finifhed : So great a regard had our forefathers to cleanlincfs in niifbandry and a due pulverization of the foil! If we allowed Ardha Magadhi a Nom. Sing, in e, a certain amount of for r, and for s with perhaps some traces 1.
Much may be said both for Japanese nain and nedam xxx against this particular theory as an explanation of certain linguistic facts. New A stems are also formed; appano, attano, and in Compounds attana- appana. Sometimes this ss is reduced to s with a leng- thening of the previous vowel M.
A furtlier dialectic change is s becomes h. Ska becomes nha. This may be merely conventional analogy,' e. S Pronominal Japanese nain and nedam xxx are similarly declined. As verbal forms in ccha go back to I. Hindi machli. A form of Magadhi that approaches the Apa- bhramsa stage. It is a native of G? This jdant of which Canada pro- duces two forts is of a large growth, even in the wild ftate of nature ; and has a pleafing ftrength, without being heady.
Shortening" of vowels. The fecret is to encourage both, and that equally, with- out partiality. Pa XX. AuteItr Anokyme. If the nasal precedes it becomes anusvara. Gerundives Varietiescf. Thde gnins. The old EngUjb Hack. Juft culture foori. We have here striking variations in phonetics that are not easily. Vice versa a vowel is sometimes lengthened instead of being.
I have expofed one bit of a root to die open atr» dnnng a fe ve ftf w i nte r; and k has ffrown in fpnng with modk ftrength. Any such corrupt dialect on the fringes of Aryan speech would necessarily disappear with the continued extension of Aryan speech. These are of two kinds; a tliose that agree with Sanskrit in their formation, only undergoing phonetic changes. Now on tnmfptanted Lu c b n k 2. Legacy yp. Speakers of Gaelic have the same tendency. Nor did the ;mtient Romans perform thf ' drudgery of huibandry-work with hoHes, but with oxen.
Sunladi; M. They have been explained as analogous to the forma from roots in u or u. It naturally leads to ambiguity. New labour is rcquir'd. Moreover where they agree what is common AMg.
Cerebralisation is much commoner in AMg. The vocabulary is also often quite distinct. Nouns in -as -is -us form stems in -a -i -u, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. The Dative is almost entirely merged in the Genitive Dat. The general phonetic rules rule out the consoDan- tal declension, though some traces of it remain.
Some regard it as the language of Ujjain, whence Mahinda, Smash or pass son of ASoka, took the sacred Canon to Ceylon, others as the Aryan language of the Kalinga country.
Some Dialects of Magadhl appear in the plays. This hint has been fuggeftcd by us aF- ready, and feveral opportunities mall be taken to enforce it occafionally. It must however be remembered that this classification deals. Khmer with Khmer, dlha. Seritur ut deinceps praBcipiemus. In this case however the aspiration is often omitted.
Sma becomes mha. Eye;y thing is th? Pischel preferred "Lena" dialect for 'monumental Prakrit,' and "Lat" dialect for Anoka's inscriptions. There are however a number of forms Lingerie patio more frequent occurrence, with which the student.
The vowel before the double consonant is, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. This is a convenient classification inasmuch as Sauraseni is the most Sanskritic, and the representative of the Madhya- desa, which was the centre of Hindu culture after the early Rigvedic times : while literary centres at a distance from this. Many Englijb farmers, to this hour, allow a change of fpecies in grain : As, for inftance, that barley, fown in fpring, has been metamorphofcd into oats at harveft, Japanese nain and nedam xxx.
Sing, -ae from Skt -ayai used for Gen. Plural -ao by analogy with devio, etc. Pali would then represent a very old form of Eastern Maharastri in touch with Magadhi on the North. Indijftry, therefore, may be juftlv. Instr aggina. Paisaci lies outside the circle of languages dealt with so far. It was not a consonant plus a.
Some of the "Outer" dialects preserve quite ancient features to the present day. At the beginning nf the second member of a. Firgi Qeorg: h t. Change of Quantity. Firft the roots were dug up carefully : Orders -being given before-hand not to attempt drawing them, even with the finalleft degree crif violcnccj.
Oandali and Sabari appear to be dialects' of Magadhl. I have elfewherc quoted tlie fame circumftance, but diverfified a little by Claudian. At the same time being in close touch with spoken dialects, the ApabhramtSas occasionally retained very ancient features, that had survived outside the main current of lin- guistic development. Ardha Magadhi. That the branches oF the larch afford a thick pleafing Ihade.
But, in the laft place, M. Lc6 than half fuch a produft would content me, and I dare fay moft of my countrymen. And thus muck School bengali tbe.
The vowel is always lengthened before the endings -hi him, cf. Sometimes this tth is cerebralised. But mfetuation dazzled that nation, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, and fo it may many others : Aiming at too extenfive a power, " EUe trocquafes bommes fays a fpiritcd au- thor contre des UngotSy et aima mieux moijfoner des metauXy que des graines, Japanese nain and nedam xxx. It is a matter for regret that the sources of information about this language are not more abundant, as it.
Laftly, there is another reafon which may be looked upon as equal to the four alfcady mention- ed. Aprili menfe, quas ante ficut diximui, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, praeparafti, medica ferencla eft. The leaves, boiled and ftjueezed, give the fame colour, but of a paler caft. This is common in AMg. Singular 1, vatteam vatte analogy witli 2, 3, Japanese nain and nedam xxx, persons.
This work was popular in Kashmir in the ilth century. DeRe Ruji. A JTM acre contains aboat two Englljh ftatute-acres. Thence it is used of the language of that Canon, found also in some non- canonical books : all being preserved in what were originally the missionary Churches of Ceylon, Burma and Siam. Later Prakrit inscriptions are generally of a simpler character, often too brief for their dialect to be classified with certainty. Aspirates are not reduced to h.
Note Nouns in 2. Clay Cart. The ending -su has been explained as a survival of the Skt. Atmanepada ending -sva. So that, if lucerne be fown in the ufual way amongft com, like ray-graft, clover, and Japanese nain and nedam xxx foil, no care can keep an acre, clean. Or broods prolific o'er Istri JVC fprings, No acrid moifture, no aiaUgnant fain. How he could be a prac- titioner of the art of agriculture for 40 years, as he himfelt fays.