My complaint is that Python 3 is an attempt at breaking as little compatibilty with Python 2 as possible while making Unicode "easy" to use. You can look at unicode strings from different perspectives and see a sequence of codepoints or a sequence of characters, both can be reasonable depending on what you want to do. When Cyrillic script is used for Macedonian and partially Serbianthe problem is similar to other Cyrillic-based scripts.
There are no common translations for the vast amount of computer terminology originating in English, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±.
TazeTSchnitzel on May 27, prev next [—].
Or is some of my above understanding incorrect. Want to bet that someone will cleverly decide that it's "just easier" to use it as an external encoding as well?
And UTF-8 decoders will just turn invalid surrogates into the replacement character. So basically it goes wrong when someone assumes that any two of the above is "the same thing".
That was the piece I was missing, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±. Browsers often Hardcore lesbian licking pussy urine a user to change their rendering engine's encoding setting on the fly, while word processors allow the user to select the appropriate encoding when opening a file.
There's not a ton of local IO, but I've upgraded all my personal projects to Python 3. We would never run out of codepoints, and lecagy టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠcan simple ignore codepoints it doesn't understand.
Failure to do this produced unreadable gibberish whose specific appearance varied depending on the exact combination of text encoding and font encoding. Nearly all sites now use Unicode, but as of November[update] an estimated 0. Codepoints and characters are not equivalent.
" " symbols were found while using contentManager.storeContent() API
The name might throw you off, but it's very much serious. Not that great of a read. If was to make a first attempt at a variable length, but well defined backwards compatible encoding scheme, I would use something like the number of bits upto and including the first టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠbit as defining the number of bytes used for this character. Icelandic has ten possibly confounding characters, and Faroese has eight, making many words almost completely unintelligible when corrupted e.
The API in no way indicates that doing any of these things is a problem, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±. Coding for variable-width takes more effort, but it gives you a better result. It isn't a position based on ignorance.
The caller should specify the encoding manually ideally. SimonSapin on May 27, parent prev next [—]. When this occurs, it is often possible to fix the issue by switching the character encoding without loss of data. Therefore, the concept of Unicode scalar value was introduced and Unicode text was restricted to not contain any surrogate code point. That is not quite true, in the sense that more of the standard library has been made unicode-aware, and implicit conversions between unicode టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠbytestrings have been removed.
When you use an encoding based on integral bytes, you can use the hardware-accelerated and often parallelized "memcpy" bulk byte moving hardware features to manipulate your strings. The drive to differentiate Croatian from Serbian, Bosnian from Croatian and Serbian, and now even Dainanabatanzi xxx from the other three creates many problems.
The additional characters are typically the ones that become corrupted, making texts only mildly unreadable with mojibake:. My complaint is not that I have to change my code.
In fact, even people who టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠissues with the py3 way often agree that it's still better than 2's. Hey, never meant to imply otherwise. In this case, the user must change the operating system's encoding settings to match that of the game. Let me see if I have this straight. However, it is wrong to go on top of some letters like 'ya' or 'la' in specific contexts, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±.
There Python 2 is only "better" in that issues will probably fly under the radar if you don't prod things too much. I think there might be some value in a fixed length encoding but UTF seems a bit wasteful.
Can someone explain this in laymans terms? Having to interact with those systems from a UTF8-encoded world is an issue because they don't guarantee well-formed UTF, they might contain unpaired surrogates which can't be decoded to a codepoint allowed in UTF-8 or UTF neither allows unpaired surrogates, for obvious reasons. However, ISO has been obsoleted by two competing standards, the backward compatible Windowsand the slightly altered ISO However, with the advent of UTF-8mojibake has become more common in certain scenarios, e.
Users of Central and Eastern European languages can also be affected, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±. That's certainly one important source of errors. Slicing or indexing into unicode strings is a problem because it's not clear what unicode strings are strings of. In Mac OS and iOS, the muurdhaja l dark l and 'u' combination and its long form both yield wrong shapes.
In టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠother aspects the situation has stayed as bad as it was in Python 2 or has gotten significantly worse.
That is, you can jump to the middle of a stream and find the next code point by looking at no more than 4 bytes. In Japanmojibake is especially problematic as there are many different Japanese text encodings. UTF-8 also has the ability to be directly recognised by a simple algorithm, so that well written software should be able to avoid mixing UTF-8 up with other encodings.
For example, Microsoft Windows does not support it. Now we have a Python 3 that's incompatible to Python 2 but provides almost no significant benefit, solves none of the large well known problems and introduces quite a few new problems. Simple compression can take care of the wastefulness of using excessive space to encode text - so it really only leaves efficiency. We would only waste 1 bit per byte, which seems reasonable given just how many problems encoding usually represent.
The character table contained within the display firmware will be localized to have characters for the country the device is to be sold in, and typically the table differs from country to country. Why shouldn't you slice or index them? Why this over, say, CESU-8? When you say "strings" are you referring to strings or bytes? That is a unicode string that cannot be encoded or rendered in any meaningful way.
DasIch on May 28, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±, root parent next [—]. Your complaint, and the complaint of the OP, seems to be basically, "It's different and I have to change my code, therefore it's bad.
A similar effect can occur in Brahmic or Indic scripts of South Asiaటీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±, used in such Indo-Aryan or Indic languages as Hindustani Hindi-UrduBengaliPunjabiMarathiand others, even if the character set employed is properly recognized by the application.
Even to this day, mojibake is often encountered by both Japanese and non-Japanese people when attempting to run software written for the Japanese market. Some issues are more subtle: In principle, the decision what should be considered a single character may depend on the language, nevermind the debate about Han unification - టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠas far as I'm concerned, that's a WONTFIX.
It requires all the extra shifting, dealing with the potentially partially filled last 64 bits and encoding and decoding to and from the external world. Good examples for that are paths and anything Lésbicas Elisa sanchez relates to local IO when you're locale is C.
Maybe this has been your experience, but it hasn't been mine. Yes, "fixed length" is misguided. To dismiss this reasoning is extremely shortsighted. À°Ÿà±€à°šà°°à± అండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠwas presumably deemed simpler that only restricting pairs. However, changing the system-wide encoding settings can also cause Mojibake in pre-existing applications. This appears to be a fault of internal programming of the fonts, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±.
The situation began to improve when, after pressure from academic and user groups, ISO succeeded as the "Internet standard" with limited support of the dominant vendors' software today largely టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠby Unicode. In the s, Bulgarian computers used their own MIK encodingwhich is superficially similar to although incompatible with CP Although Mojibake can occur with any of these characters, the letters that are not included in Windows are much more prone to errors.
Python 3 doesn't handle Unicode any better than Python 2, it just made it the default string. I used strings to mean both. ArmSCII is not widely used because of a lack of support in the computer industry, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±.
It's rare enough to not be a top priority. One example of this is the old Wikipedia logowhich attempts to show the character analogous to "wi" the first syllable of "Wikipedia" on each of many puzzle pieces. That is held up with a very leaky abstraction and means that Python code that treats paths as unicode strings and not as paths-that-happen-to-be-unicode-but-really-arent is broken. This is all gibberish to me. A character can consist of one or more codepoints.
As such, these systems will potentially display mojibake when loading text generated on a system from a different country. Therefore, people who understand English, as well as those who are accustomed to English terminology who are most, because English terminology is also mostly taught in schools because of these problems regularly choose the original English versions of non-specialist software.
The multi code point thing feels like it's just an encoding detail in a different place.
Mojibake - Wikipedia
Ah yes, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±, the JavaScript solution. How is any of that in conflict with my original points? Since two letters are combined, the mojibake also seems more random over 50 variants compared to the normal three, not counting the rarer capitals. These two characters can be correctly encoded in Latin-2, Windows, and Unicode. TazeTSchnitzel on May 27, root parent next [—]. Another type of mojibake occurs when text encoded in a single-byte encoding is erroneously parsed in a multi-byte encoding, such as one of the encodings for East Asian languages.
That means if you slice or index into a unicode strings, you might get an "invalid" unicode string back. But UTF-8 has the ability to be directly recognised by a simple algorithm, so that well written software should be able to avoid mixing UTF-8 up with other encodings, so this was مصريه ديوثه common when many had software not supporting UTF In Swedish, Norwegian, Danish and German, vowels are rarely repeated, and it is usually obvious when one character gets corrupted, e.
One of Python's greatest strengths is that they don't just pile on random features, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±, and keeping old crufty features from previous versions would amount to the same thing.
Every term is linked to its definition. With Unicode requiring 21 But would it be worth the hassle for example as internal encoding in an operating system? Pretty good read if you have a few minutes.
In Southern Africathe Mwangwego alphabet is used to write languages of Malawi and the Mandombe alphabet was created for the Democratic Republic of the Congobut these are not generally supported. Well, Python 3's unicode support is much more complete. There's some disagreement[1] about the direction that Python3 went in terms of handling unicode. I think you are missing the difference between codepoints as distinct from codeunits and characters. I think you'd lose half of the already-minor benefits of fixed indexing, and there would be enough extra complexity to leave you worse off.
They failed to achieve both goals. Polish companies selling early À°Ÿà±€à°šà°°à± అండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠcomputers created their own mutually-incompatible ways to encode Polish characters and simply reprogrammed the EPROMs of the video cards typically CGAEGAor Hercules to provide hardware code pages with the needed glyphs for Polish—arbitrarily located without reference to where other computer sellers had placed them.
Dylan on May 27, root parent next [—]. Thanks for explaining. À°Ÿà±€à°šà°°à± అండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠto Western sanctions [14] and the late arrival of Burmese language support in computers, [15] [16] much of the early Burmese localization was homegrown without international cooperation. À°Ÿà±€à°šà°°à± అండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠWindows XP or later, a user also has the option to use Microsoft AppLocalean application that allows the changing of per-application locale settings, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±.
WTF8 exists solely as an internal encoding in-memory representationbut it's very useful there. You can divide strings appropriate to the use.
There is no coherent view at all. Newspapers have dealt with missing characters in various ways, including using image editing software to synthesize them by combining other radicals and characters; using a picture of the personalities in the case of people's namesor simply substituting homophones in the hope that readers would be able to make the correct inference.
You can also index, slice and iterate over strings, all operations that you really shouldn't do unless you really now what you are doing. Because not everyone gets Unicode right, real-world data may contain unpaired surrogates, and WTF-8 is an extension of UTF-8 that handles such data gracefully. Most people aren't aware of that at all and it's definitely surprising.
Veedrac on May 27, parent next [—]. Byte strings can be sliced and indexed no problems because a byte as such is something you may actually want to deal with. See combining code points. À°Ÿà±€à°šà°°à± అండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠexample, attempting to view non-Unicode Cyrillic text using a font that is limited to the Latin alphabet, or using the default "Western" encoding, typically results in text that consists almost entirely of vowels with diacritical marks e.
Dylan on May 27, parent prev next [—]. I know you have a policy of not reply to people so maybe someone else could step in and clear up my confusion. Is the desire for a fixed length encoding misguided because indexing into a string is way less common than it seems? The examples in this article do not have UTF-8 as browser setting, because UTF-8 is easily recognisable, so if a browser supports UTF-8 it should recognise it automatically, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±, and not try to interpret something else as UTF Contents move to sidebar hide.
If you don't know the encoding of the file, how can you decode it? In the end, people use English loanwords "kompjuter" for "computer", "kompajlirati" for "compile," etc. People used to think 16 bits would be enough for anyone. So if you're working in either domain you get a coherent view, the problem being when you're interacting with systems or concepts which straddle the divide or even worse may Xxxspyxfamily in either domain depending on the platform.
Texts that may produce mojibake include those from the Horn of Africa such as the Ge'ez script in Ethiopia and Eritreaused for AmharicTigreand other languages, and the Somali languagewhich employs the Osmanya alphabet. DasIch on May 27, root parent prev next [—]. Due to these ad hoc encodings, communications between users of Zawgyi and Unicode would render as garbled text.
Therefore, these languages experienced fewer encoding incompatibility troubles than Russian. SimonSapin on May 27, root parent prev next [—]. Even so, changing the operating system encoding settings is not possible on earlier operating systems such as Windows 98 ; to resolve this issue on earlier operating systems, a user would have to use third party font rendering applications.
It's often implicit. With this kind of mojibake more than one typically two characters are corrupted at once. Examples of this are:. This is because, in many Indic scripts, the rules by which individual letter symbols combine to create symbols for syllables may not be properly understood by a computer missing the appropriate software, even if the glyphs for the individual letter forms are available.
Most recently, the Unicode encoding includes code points for practically all the characters of all the world's languages, including all Cyrillic characters. O 1 indexing of code points is not that useful because code points టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠnot what people think of as "characters".
For instance, the 'reph', the short form టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠ'r' is a diacritic that normally goes on top of Mawile plain letter, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±. In certain writing systems of Africaunencoded text is unreadable. Likewise, many early operating systems do not support multiple encoding formats and thus will end up displaying mojibake if made to display non-standard text—early versions of Microsoft Windows and Palm OS for example, are localized on a per-country basis and will only support encoding standards relevant to the country the localized version will be sold in, and will display mojibake if a file containing a text in a different encoding format from the version that the OS is designed to support is opened.
Serious question -- is this a serious project or a joke? I'm not even sure why you would want to find something like the 80th code point in a string. An additional problem in Chinese occurs when rare టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠantiquated characters, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±, many of which are still used in personal or place names, do not exist in some encodings.
PaulHoule on May 27, parent prev next [—]. If I slice characters I expect a slice of characters, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±.
You could still open it as raw bytes if required. SimonSapin on May 28, parent next [—]. Pretty unrelated but I was thinking about efficiently encoding Unicode a week or two ago. I get that every different thing character టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠa different Unicode number code point. Keeping a coherent, consistent model of your text is a pretty important part of curating a language. Why wouldn't this work, apart from already existing applications that does not know how to do this.
And because of this global confusion, everyone important ends up implementing something that somehow does something moronic - so then everyone else has yet another problem they didn't know existed and they all fall into a self-harming spiral of depravity, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±. Various other writing systems native to West Africa present similar problems, such as the N'Ko alphabetused for Manding languages in Guineaand the Vai syllabaryused in Liberia.
The writing systems of certain languages of the Caucasus region, including the scripts of Georgian and Armenianmay produce mojibake. Right, ok. It also has the advantage of breaking in less random ways than unicode.
It seems like those operations make sense in either case but I'm sure I'm missing something. SiVal on May 28, parent prev next [—].
I have to disagree, I think using Unicode in Python 3 is currently easier than in any language I've used. Guessing an encoding based on the locale or the content of the file should be the టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠand something the caller does explicitly.
The numeric value of these code units denote codepoints that lie themselves within the BMP. Because we want our encoding schemes to be equivalent, the Unicode code space contains a hole Horse dick futa girl these so-called surrogates lie. Have you looked at Python 3 yet? I certainly have spent very little time struggling with it. Bytes still have methods like. Python 3 pretends that paths can be represented as unicode strings on all OSes, that's not true.
It might be removed for non-notability. It certainly isn't perfect, but it's better than the alternatives. Many people who prefer Python3's way of handling Unicode are aware of these arguments. DasIch on May 27, root parent next [—]. Then, it's possible to make mistakes when converting between representations, eg getting endianness wrong.
The idea of Plain Text requires the operating system to provide a font to display Unicode codes. Before Unicode, it was necessary to match text encoding with a టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠusing the same encoding system. Modern browsers and word processors often support a wide array of character encodings. Some computers did, in older eras, have vendor-specific encodings which caused mismatch also for English text.
Newer versions of English Windows allow the code page to be changed older versions require special English versions with this supportbut this setting can be and often was incorrectly set, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±.
As a trivial example, case conversions now cover the whole unicode range. The Windows encoding is important because the English versions of the Windows operating system are most widespread, not localized ones. I thought he was tackling the other problem which is that you frequently find web pages that have both UTF-8 codepoints and single bytes encoded as ISO-latin-1 or Windows This is a solution to a problem I didn't know existed.
And I mean, I can't really think of any cross-locale requirements fulfilled by unicode. As the Stuck assfuck of unicode I don't really care about that.
The latter practice seems to be better tolerated in the German language sphere than in the Nordic countries. An interesting possible application for this is JSON parsers. Fortunately it's not something I deal with often but thanks for the info, will stop me getting టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠout later. Filesystem paths is the latter, it's text on OSX and Windows — although possibly ill-formed in Windows — but it's bag-o-bytes in most unices.
That's just silly, so we've gone through this whole unicode everywhere process so we can stop thinking about the underlying implementation details but the api forces you to have to deal with them anyway. It slices by codepoints? Python 2 handling of paths is not good because there is no good abstraction over different operating టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±, treating them as byte strings is a sane lowest common denominator though.
Another affected language is Arabic see belowటీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±, in which text becomes completely unreadable when the encodings do not match, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±. However, digraphs are useful in communication with other parts of the world. I guess you need some operations to get to those details if you need.
And unfortunately, I'm not anymore enlightened as to my misunderstanding. Two of the most common applications in which mojibake may occur are web browsers and word processors. The puzzle piece meant to bear the Devanagari character Step sister porn doggy style fuck "wi" instead used to టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠthe "wa" character followed by an unpaired "i" modifier vowel, easily recognizable as mojibake generated by a computer not configured to display Indic text.
This way, even though the reader has to guess what the original letter is, almost all texts remain legible. Guessing encodings when opening files is a problem precisely because - as you mentioned - the caller should specify the encoding, not just sometimes but always. The character set may be communicated to the client in any number of 3 ways:. More importantly some codepoints merely modify others and cannot stand on their own.
The difficulty of resolving an instance of mojibake varies depending on the application within which it occurs and the causes of it. Examples of this include Windows and ISO When there are layers of Maduras infueles, each trying to specify the encoding based on different information, the least certain information may be misleading to the recipient. The situation టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠcomplicated because of the existence of several Chinese character encoding systems in use, the most common ones being: UnicodeBig5and Guobiao with several backward compatible versionsand the possibility of Chinese characters being encoded using Japanese encoding.
An obvious example would be treating UTF as a fixed-width encoding, which is bad because you might end up cutting grapheme clusters in half, and you can easily forget about normalization if you think about it that way. TazeTSchnitzel on May 27, parent prev next [—]. Veedrac on May 27, root parent prev next [—], టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±.
Much older hardware is typically designed to support only one character set and the character set typically cannot be altered. To get around this issue, content producers would make posts in both Zawgyi and Unicode.
This font is different from OS to OS for Singhala and it makes orthographically incorrect glyphs for some letters syllables across all operating systems, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±.
Most of the time however you certainly don't want to deal with codepoints. Compatibility with UTF-8 systems, I guess?
I understand that for efficiency we want this to be as fast as possible. On further thought I agree. There are many different localizations, using different standards and of different quality.
The name is unserious but the project is very serious, its writer has responded to a few comments and linked to a presentation of his on the subject[0].
There's no good use case. It may take some trial and error for users to find the correct encoding. The prevailing means of Burmese support is via the Zawgyi fonta font that was created as a Unicode font but was in fact only partially Unicode compliant. Using code page to view text in KOI8 or vice versa results in garbled text that consists mostly of capital letters KOI8 and codepage share the same ASCII region, but KOI8 has uppercase letters in the region where codepage has lowercase, and vice versa.
These are languages for which the ISO character set also known as Latin 1 عبدالÙØªØ§Ø Western has been in use. But inserting a codepoint with your approach would require all downstream bits to be shifted within and across bytes, something that would be a much bigger computational burden.
WaxProlix on May 27, root parent next [—]. I also gave a short talk at!! For example, in Norwegian, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±, digraphs are associated with archaic Danish, and may be used jokingly, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± à°•à°®à±. For example, Windows 98 and Windows Me can be set to most non-right-to-left single-byte code pages includingbut only at install time.
The problem gets more complicated when it occurs in an application that normally does not support a wide range of character encoding, such as in a non-Unicode computer game. Sometimes that's code points, but more often it's probably characters or bytes.
The nature of unicode is that there's always a problem you didn't but should know existed. Python however only gives you a codepoint-level perspective.
On top of that implicit coercions have been replaced with implicit broken guessing of encodings for example when opening files. On the guessing encodings when opening files, that's not really a problem. This kind of cat always gets out of the bag eventually. Man, టీచరౠఅండౠబోయౠసà±à°¸à±à°¸à±à°¸à± కమౠwas the drive behind adding that extra complexity to life?! In some rare cases, an entire text string which happens to include a pattern of particular word lengths, such as the sentence " Bush hid the facts ", may be misinterpreted.
All of these replacements introduce ambiguities, so reconstructing the original from such a form is usually done manually if required. This was gibberish to me too. I'm using Python 3 in production for an internationalized website and my experience has been that it handles Unicode pretty well.