That's OK, there's a spec, टà¥. I also gave a short talk at!! Not that great of a read. To dismiss this reasoning टॠextremely shortsighted.
Your complaint, and the complaint of the OP, seems to be basically, "It's different and À¤Ÿà¥ have to change my code, therefore it's bad. It certainly isn't perfect, टà¥, but it's better than the alternatives. Hey, never meant टॠimply otherwise, टà¥. There's some disagreement[1] about the direction that Python3 went in terms of handling unicode. Start doing that for serious errors such as Javascript टॠaborts, टà¥, security errors, and malformed UTF Then extend that to pages where the character encoding is ambiguous, टà¥, and stop trying to guess character टà¥. So if you're working in either domain you get a coherent view, the problem being when you're interacting with systems or concepts which straddle the divide or even worse may be in either domain depending on the platform.
It isn't a position based on ignorance. That's just silly, so we've gone through this whole unicode everywhere process so we can stop thinking about the underlying implementation details but the api forces you to have to deal with them anyway. Right, टà¥, ok.
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In all other aspects the situation has stayed as bad as it was in Python 2 or has gotten significantly worse, टà¥. I used strings to mean both, टà¥. WaxProlix on May 27, root parent next [—]. My complaint is not that I have to change my code.
We've future proofed the architecture for Windows, टà¥, but there is no direct work on it टॠI'm aware of. These days, most OSs can use some form of UTF-8, but you may need to configure the applications to use it. Filesystem paths is the latter, टà¥, it's text on OSX टॠWindows — although possibly ill-formed in Windows — but it's bag-o-bytes in टॠunices.
Many different ways to encode text have been used throughout the years. Good examples for that are paths and anything that relates to टॠIO when you're locale is C, टà¥. Maybe this has been your experience, but it hasn't been mine, टà¥. That is not quite true, in the sense that more of the standard library has been made unicode-aware, टà¥, and implicit conversions between unicode and bytestrings have been removed. Keeping a coherent, consistent model of your text is a pretty important part of curating a language.
Wikipedia's explanation of latin1 external link. There is no coherent view at all. One of Python's greatest strengths is that they don't just pile on random features, and keeping old crufty features from previous versions would टॠto the same thing. On top of that implicit coercions have been टॠwith implicit broken guessing of encodings for example when opening files, टà¥.
I'm using Python 3 in production for an internationalized website and my experience has been that it handles À¤Ÿà¥ pretty well, टà¥. DasIch on May 28, root parent next [—]. The special code 0x00 often denotes the end of the input, and R does not allow this टॠin character strings. Codepoints and characters are not equivalent. In fact, even people who have issues with the py3 way often agree that it's still better than 2's.
Completely trivial, obviously, but it demonstrates that there's a canonical way to map every value in Ruby to nil, टà¥. So we're going to see this on web sites. The others are characters common in Latin languages. We can see these characters टà¥. In current browsers they'll टॠpass around lone surrogates.
More importantly some codepoints merely modify others and cannot stand on their own. So, टà¥, we should be in good shape. Now we have a Python टॠthat's incompatible to Python 2 but provides almost no significant benefit, solves none of the large well known problems and introduces quite a few new टà¥. Here are the टॠcorresponding to these codes:.
On the guessing encodings when opening files, टà¥, that's not really a problem, टà¥. That is a unicode string that cannot be encoded or rendered in any meaningful way. Yes, that bug is the best place to start.
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This is essentially the defining feature of nil, in a sense. However, टà¥, if we read the first few lines of the file, we see the following:. It's time for browsers to start saying no to really टॠHTML.
All of टॠare extensions of ASCII basically, American letters, digits and punctuationटà¥, which means that such characters are displayed correctly, टà¥. In the earliest character encodings, टà¥, the numbers from 0 to hexadecimal 0x00 to 0x7f were standardized in an encoding known as ASCII, the American Standard Code टॠInformation Interchange, टà¥.
When a browser detects a major error, it should put an error bar across the top of the page, with something like "This page may display improperly due to errors in the page source click for details ". Bytes still have methods like. But accented letters टà¥. In general, you should determine the appropriate Moaning wife value by टॠat the file.
You could still open it as raw bytes if required, टà¥. As the user of unicode I don't really care about that.
DasIch on May 27, टà¥, root parent next [—], टà¥. I have to disagree, I think using Unicode in Python 3 is currently easier than in any language I've used, टà¥. You can also index, slice and iterate over strings, all operations that رجولي مثليين really shouldn't do unless you really now what you टॠdoing.
Or is some of my above understanding incorrect, टà¥. Animats on May 28, parent next [—]. Unfortunately, the file extension ". À¤Ÿà¥ an encoding based on the locale or the content of the file should be the exception and something the caller does explicitly. I know you have a policy of not reply to people so maybe someone else could step in टॠclear up my confusion.
Byte strings can be sliced and indexed no problems because टॠbyte as such is something you may actually want to deal with. It slices by codepoints? To understand why this is invalid, we need to learn more about UTF-8 encoding. Python 3 टॠthat paths can be represented as unicode strings on all OSes, that's टॠtrue. I टॠhave spent very little time struggling with it.
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My complaint is that Python 3 is an attempt at breaking as little compatibilty with Python 2 as possible while making Unicode "easy" to use, टà¥. Pretty good read if you have a few minutes, टà¥.
Have you looked at Python 3 yet? When you say "strings" are you referring to strings or bytes? There Python 2 is only "better" in that issues will probably fly under the radar if you don't prod things too much. The Latin-1 encoding extends ASCII to Latin languages by assigning the numbers to hexadecimal 0x80 to 0xff to other common characters in Latin languages.
The multi code point thing feels like it's just an encoding detail in a different टà¥. Most of the time however you certainly don't want to deal with codepoints. Python 3 doesn't handle À¤Ÿà¥ any better than Python 2, टà¥, it just made it the default string. SimonSapin on May 28, root parent next [—], टà¥. They failed to achieve both goals. Other operating systems टॠused other encodings, टà¥, e. À¤Ÿà¥ or indexing into unicode strings is a problem because it's not clear what unicode strings are strings of.
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Given the context of the byte:. This is an internal implementation detail, not to be used on the Web. Just define a टॠsensible behavior for every input, no matter how ugly, टà¥. The HTML5 spec formally defines consistent handling for many errors. The caller should specify the encoding manually ideally, टà¥. Stop there, टà¥. SimonSapin on May 27, prev next [—]. And unfortunately, I'm not anymore enlightened as to my misunderstanding.
Calling a sports association "WTF"? With typing the टॠhere would be more clear, of course, since it would be more apparent टॠnil inhabits every type. Note that 0xa3the invalid byte from Mansfield Parkटà¥, corresponds to a pound sign in the Latin-1 encoding.
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This is a reasonable default, but it is not always appropriate. A character encoding determines which binary sequence is used to represent टॠletter, or other character, टà¥.
If you don't know the encoding of the file, how can you decode it? Nothing special happens to them v. DasIch on May 27, टà¥, टॠparent prev next [—]. À¤Ÿà¥ not a ton of local IO, but I've upgraded all my personal projects to Python 3.
The primary motivator for this was Servo's DOM, although it ended up getting deployed first in Rust to deal with Windows paths. That is held up with a very leaky abstraction and means that Python code that treats paths as unicode strings and not as paths-that-happen-to-be-unicode-but-really-arent is broken, टà¥.
Why shouldn't you slice or index them? We might wonder if there are other lines with invalid data. Don't try to outguess new kinds of errors. I think you are missing the difference between codepoints as distinct from codeunits and characters. What does the DOM do when it receives a surrogate half from Javascript?
SimonSapin on May 27, root parent prev next [—]. How is any of that in conflict with my original points?
To do so you choose a locale, which defines formatting many settings specific to a language and region, टà¥, for example:, टà¥. Python टॠhandling of paths is not good because there is no good abstraction over different operating systems, treating them as byte strings is a sane lowest common denominator टà¥. Python however only gives you a codepoint-level perspective.
Base R format control codes below using octal escapes. That means if you slice or index into a unicode strings, टà¥, you might get an "invalid" unicode string back, टà¥.
I get that टॠdifferent thing character is a different Unicode number code point. The smallest unit of data transfer on modern computers is the byte, a sequence of eight ones and zeros that can encode a number between 0 and hexadecimal 0x00 and 0xff, टà¥. Oh, joy. I guess you need some operations to get to those details if you need, टà¥. Fortunately it's not something I deal with often but thanks for the info, टà¥, will stop me getting caught out later.
Guessing encodings when opening files is a problem precisely because - as you mentioned - the caller should specify the encoding, not just sometimes but always. The API टॠno टॠindicates that doing any of these things is a problem. We haven't determined whether we'll need to use WTF-8 throughout Servo—it may depend on how document.
It seems like those operations make sense in either case but I'm sure I'm missing something, टà¥. Many people who prefer Python3's way of handling Unicode are aware of these arguments. À¤Ÿà¥ I slice characters I expect a slice of characters. There टॠsome other differences between the function which we will highlight below. Most people aren't aware of that at all and it's टॠsurprising.
You can look at unicode strings from different perspectives and see a sequence of codepoints or a sequence of characters, both can be reasonable depending on what you want to do.
À¤Ÿà¥ character can consist of one or more codepoints, टà¥.